GSC (ch-2 Nutrition in animals)

Cards (83)

  • Modes of procuring food
    Different methods used by organisms to obtain food
  • Process of nutrition
    1. Ingestion
    2. Digestion
    3. Absorption
    4. Assimilation
    5. Egestion
  • Parts of the human digestive system
    • Mouth
    • Oesophagus
    • Stomach
    • Small intestine
    • Large intestine
    • Rectum
    • Anus
  • Digestive glands
    • Salivary glands
    • Liver
    • Pancreas
    • Gall bladder
  • Assimilation
    Process in which the absorbed food is used for producing energy and for growth
  • Plaque
    Sticky layer containing food particles, saliva and bacteria
  • Alimentary canal
    The digestive system from oesophagus to the anus
  • Faeces
    Unabsorbed portion of the food that is thrown out of the body
  • Taste buds
    Taste-sensitive locations on the surface of the tongue
  • Villi
    Finger-like-projections on the inner wall of the small intestine
  • Cud
    Partially digested food stored in a part of stomach called rumen
  • Ruminants
    Plant/grass-eating animals that digest their food in two steps
  • Contractile vacuole
    The point from where the undigested food is thrown out of the body by Amoeba
  • Modes of procuring food
    • Picking up food directly into mouth
    • Using hands to put food into mouth
    • Using false feet (pseudopodia) to engulf food
    • Using brush-like body structures (cilia) to sweep food
    • Using tongue to catch prey
    • Using feeding tube to suck nectar
    • Using tentacles with sting cells to kill prey and put it into body cavities
    • Weaving web to catch prey
  • Different organisms use different methods to procure food. Each animal has some special structures on its body to procure food.
  • The various steps involved in the process of nutrition are: Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation, and Egestion.
  • Ingestion
    The acts of getting and eating food collectively
  • Digestion
    The breakdown of food into simpler and soluble molecules inside the body
  • Absorption
    The process by which soluble molecules present in the digested food passes into the body fluids like blood
  • Egestion
    The process by which the undigested food materials are thrown out of the body
  • Mosquitoes, houseflies, and butterflies live on liquid food.
  • In human beings, ingestion takes place through the mouth.
  • In human beings, absorption takes place in the small intestine.
  • Types of teeth in humans
    • Incisors
    • Canines
    • Premolars
    • Molars
  • Milk teeth
    First set of 20 teeth that appear by the age of 2 years
  • Permanent teeth

    New set of 32 teeth that form by the age of 12
  • Incisors help in cutting or biting the food.
  • Canines help in tearing the food.
  • Premolars and molars help in chewing and grinding the food.
  • Root
    The part of a tooth embedded into the jaw
  • Crown
    The top part of the tooth outside the gums
  • Neck
    The part between the root and the crown
  • Enamel
    The white part of a tooth and the hardest substance in our body
  • Dentine
    Hard bone-like structure inside the tooth
  • Pulp cavity
    The soft inner part of the tooth containing blood vessels and nerves
  • Tooth enamel is the hardest material in our body and is also chemically the most stable tissue.
  • Teeth of ancient humans and animals have provided the most useful data for studying the process of evolution.
  • Plaque absorbs sugary and starchy food materials, and the bacteria in the plaque convert them into acids that dissolve the tooth enamel and lead to the formation of cavities.
  • Build-up of plaque at the place where teeth meet the gums leads to loosening of the teeth.
  • Suggestions for proper care of teeth and gums
    • Brush teeth everyday in the morning and before bed
    • Massage gums gently with a soft brush
    • Wash mouth thoroughly with water after eating
    • Eat self-cleaning foods like raw vegetables and fruits
    • Avoid sticky, starchy, and sugary foods