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Defeat of Germany
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Defeat of Germans:
Fought to bitter end -
allies
insisted on
unconditional surrender
Stalin wanted a
buffer zone
against future threats to USSR - wanted
Red Army
to gain control of as much of Central Europe as possible
April 1945
- soviet reaches
Berlin
Germany surrendered
unconditionally 9th May 1945
Reasons for defeat of germans:
German weaknesses
- strategy based on rapid
victory
- two-front war - lacked self-sufficiency and Hitler made mistakes
Soviet strengths
- geographical size, population, natural resources, military leadership, propaganda and patriotism
Allies -
bombing
campaigns by British and
Americans
from 1943, secret intelligence, military and economic aid
Results of victory:
USSR
became a
superpower
Communism
Stalin
USSRs
Territorial
expansion
20
million soviet citizens killed
Cold War
tensions
Post-war reconstruction - industry:
fourth
five year plan began in march
1946
reconstruction of
Ukraine
in
1945
, mining, electricity and steel production was around half of
1940
levels
workforce
exhausted
end of
foreign aid
added to pressures on
industry
many of plans targets were met - more
coal
was being produced in 1950 compared to
1940
by 1950 Ukraine’s industrial output was
higher
than before the war
improved production of
consumer goods
Post-war
reconstruction agriculture:
large numbers of
farms
had been
destroyed
in the war - 98,000 collective farms
farming
machinery
had been
destroyed
food production in
1945
was 60% of
1940
levels
famine
in
1946-47
- killed 1.5 million
payments
for farm products were kept
low
taxes
were
increased
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