COMPARATIVE THEORIES

• What are the three comparative theories

  liberalism / realism / anarchical theory
• what is realism

  explains international relations in terms of power relationships between nation states
• what is liberalism

  focuses on organisations and states, lots of positive opportunities and also conflict. liberals aren't opposed to conflict as long as every other opportunity has been tried
• what are the five liberalist key thinkers

  locke / kant / keohane and nye / wilson / Fukuyama
• what is Lockes theory in terms of liberalism

  believes in human nature (social contract) states can use reason to cooperate
• what is Kants theory on liberalism

  treat others how you want to be treated - categorical imperative - liberty is essential
• what's keohane and nye's theory on liberalism

  states fortunes interconnected through trade - the exchange of values and ideas. war between states that trade is unlikely (complex interdependence)
• what does Kant study in particular

  human rights - Kants moral framework and democracy
• how is GDP growth different in countries that trade and are peaceful

  GDP per capita growth is 3x higher
• what did wilson study in regards to liberalism

  Woodrow Wilson was a president during ww1 and created the League of Nations to maintain peace
• what's the League of Nations

  the first Intergovernmental organisation to promote International cooperation and to achieve international peace and security  
• what did the League of Nations lead to

  creation of the UN
• what was Fukuyama's theory

  end of history
• what's the end of history theory

  Fukuyama's theory that liberal democracies and free-markets would be dominant and conflict declines as more democracies arise as a final form of government
• what three components are in the liberal triage

  IOs / democracy / economic independence
• what's does the liberal triangle promote

  peace
• what do liberals argue that alliances are based off

  national interests and to build power
• what are some main liberal ideas 


  rise in democracy / universal values / decline in conflict / optimistic on human nature / growth in trade / growth of IOS
• what does the growth of International organisations do

  Promotes peace and cooperation
• What does the growth in trade need to

  decline in war
• what does the rise of democracy lead to

  Change in the structure of the state
• what do universal values lead to

  shared morality
• what's the liberal view on human nature

  humans are selfish but have the ability to be rational
• what are trade wars

  countries attacking each other with tariff increases
• what is the democratic peace theory

  argues that no 2 democracies have fought an interstate war since 1816
• who created democratic peace theory

  doyle
• what do classical realists believe about human nature

  humans are selfish
• what's the Neo-realist view on human self interested nature

  The system of international politics forces people to be selfish
• who are the five realist key thinkers

  Hobbes / Thucydides / machiavelli / morgenthau / waltz
• what was Hobbes realist theory

  International anarchy - if there is no leviathan international anarchy must be in place
• what does international anarchy lead to

  motivation to be selfish and go to war
• what is Thucydides realist theory

  Focuses on relative power - the ability for one nation to influence and control others (power countries dictate global affairs)
• what is machiavelli's realist theory

  Concentrate on expedient actions (the manipulation of public and military alliances which defend the rich and control power)
• what's morgenthau's theory

  He is a classic realist and argues international politics governed by universal laws based on human nature and national interests means that nations most base actions on practicality and nations should seek power the peace is preferable
• what's waltz theory

  Billiard ball model
• what is waltz realist argument

  Argues nations seek power because the system encourages it and distributed amongst states - states goal is survival
• what's the Billiard ball model

  that nations with more power are bigger balls on the table and nation with less power are smaller balls (these can change) sovereignty is the hard outer shell and the balls sizes represents their power
• name some powerful countries

  china / US / Russia
• name some key realist ideas

  International anarchy / states a unitary actors / states are selfish / states seek power / war is inevitable / danger of arms race / states are expedient
• What is meant by states are unitary actors

  they have one Single voice