GENSOC FINALS

• feminism


  it is the belief in and advocacy of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes expressed especially through origanized activity on behalf of women's rights and interests
• feminism


  it is a philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued
• feminism


  it is a movement; a revolution represented by various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women's rights and interests
• GOALS OF FEMINISM

  • creating equal opportunities and new freedoms for women
  • ending discrimination and violence by pursuing social and legal reform
  • respecting diverse women's experiences, identities, knowledge, and strength
  • striving to empower all women to realize their full rights
• protofeminism


  it is a concept that anticipates modern feminism in eras when the feminist concept was still unknown
• Mary Wollstonecraft published Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792
• Mary Wollstonecraft

  • she argues that class and private property are the basis of discrimination against women
  • she challenges the notion that women exist only to please men
  • she proposed that women and men be given equal opportunities in education, work, and politics
  • she wrote that women are as naturally rational as men; if they are silly, it is only because society trains them to be irrelevant
• Charles Fourier


  he coined the word "feminisme"
• the first wave of feminism comprised women's suffrage movements promoting women's right to vote
• the first wave of feminism happened during the 19th and early 20th centuries
• Seneca Falls Convention (New York, 1848)


  the first meeting to discuss women's rights
• declaration of sentiments


  a document which affirmed women's equality with men, and passed a dozen resolutions calling for various specific rights, including the right to vote
• New Zealand became the first country where women could vote in 1893.
• 19th Amendment was passed, guaranteeing white women the right to vote in 1920.
• some white feminists were abolitionist.
• voting rights act of 1965


  legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting
• goal of the first wave:

  have society recognize that women are humans, not property
• the second wave of feminism happened in the 1960s
• the second wave of feminism

  women's liberation movement; campaigned for legal and social equality for women
• the second wave of feminism


  it built on first-wave feminism and challenged what women's role in society should be
• Miss America pageant


  activists staged protests against the pageant, arguing that the patriarchy devalued women, controlled their identity, and kept them domesticated
• three main types of feminism that emerged in the second wave of feminism

  • mainstream/liberal feminism
  • radical feminism
  • cultural feminism
• mainstream/liberal feminism


  it focused on institutional reforms, which meant reducing gender discrimination, giving women access to male-dominated spaces, and promoting equality
• radical feminism


  it focused on reshaping society entirely, saying that the system was inherently patriarchal and only an overhaul would bring liberation
• cultural feminism


  this taught that there's a "female essence" that's distinct from men; attempts to revalue and redefine attributed culturally ascribed to femaleness
• the third wave of feminism happened in 1992
• the fourth wave of feminism happened in 2012
• the third wave of feminism is characterized by a focus on individuality and diversity
• the third wave of feminism

  • women are able to think about other aspects of their identity, welcoming individuality and rebellion
  • many women more freely expressed their sexuality in how they spoke, dressed, and acted
  • this wave also challenged the idea of "univeral womanhood" via the punk music scene
• riot grrrl


  it is an underground punk feminist movement that combined politics, activism, and musical expression
• third-wave feminism also became more conscious of race
• intersectionality


  it is coined by Kimberle Crenshaw and it refers to how different kinds of oppression intersect with each other
• the fourth wave of feminism focused on justice for women and opposition to sexual harassment and violence against women
• fourth-wave feminism has used social media to combat sexual harassment, violence against women and rape culture
• "me too" movement


  launched in 2006 in the US to assist survivors of sexual violence, especially females of color
• women's march


  a worldwide protest on January 21, 2017 to support gender equality, civil rights, and other issues
• women's march is initially planned to occur in Washington, D.C., and many other cities worlwide hosted "sister marches" in solidarity. more than 670 events were held on seven continents. the women's march has transformed into an annual event and social justice nonprofit.
• gender mainstreaming means integrating a gender equality perspective at all stages and leves of policies, programmes, and projects to promote equality between men and women, and combat discrimination.
• the "mainstream" is an inter-related set of dominant ideas, values, practices, institutions, and organizations that determine "who gets what" within a society
• gender mainstreaming involves:

  • recognizing and addressing gender issues
  • ensuring equal numbers of women and men in current intiatives or structures
  • ensuring equitable access to resources, including opportunities and reward
  • changing policies and institutions so that they actively promote gender equality