Chemistry

• Atom


  Smallest particle that cannot be broken down by chemical means
• Ion


  An atom or group of atoms that carry an electrical charge
• Molecule


  A particle of two or more atoms joined together
• Arrangement of particles in a SOLID

  Regular lattice
• Arrangement of particles in a LIQUID

  Random
• Arrangement of particles in a GAS

  Random
• Separation of particles in a SOLID

  Close together
• Separation of particles in a LIQUID


  Close together, slightly further apart than in the solid phase
• Separation of particles in a GAS

  Far apart
• Movement of particles in a SOLID 

  Vibrate in a fixed position
• Movement of particles in a LIQUID

  Slide past each other
• Movement of particles in a GAS

  Fast, random movement
• Diffusion

  Random movement of particles in gases and liquids leading to a complete mixing of the particles
• Pure substance

  A single substance
• Volatile

  Compound that easily changes to vapour, it has a low boiling point
• Solution

  A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
• Locating agent

  Substance that reacts with colourless spots on a chromatogram to make them visible as coloured spots
• Apparatus for measuring time

  Stop watch
• Apparatus for measuring mass

  Balance scale
• Apparatus for measuring temperature

  Thermometer
• Apparatus for measuring volume

  Measuring cylinder, volumetric flask, volumetric pipette, burette
• Chromatography 


  Method of separating coloured compounds using a filter paper and solvent
• Filtration


  Insoluble solid and liquid
• Crystallisation 


  Solute from solution
• Simple distillation 


  Solvent from solution
• Fractional distillation 


  Two miscible liquids
• Solid obtained (Filtration)


  Residue
• Liquid obtained (Filtration)


  Filtrate
• Liquid obtained (Simple distillation)


  Distillate
• Liquid obtained (Fractional distillation)


  Distillate
• Isotope


  Atoms of the same element which have the same proton number but different nucleon number
• Hydrogen isotopes

  Hydrogen, Deuterium, Tritium
• Carbon isotopes

  Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14
• Neon isotopes


  Neon-20, Neon-21, Neon-22
• Chlorine isotopes

  Chlorine-35, Chlorine-37
• Radioactive isotopes


  Isotopes with an unstable nucleus
• Medical use of isotopes

  Cancer treatment, cobalt isotope is used
• Industrial use of isotopes

  Locating leaks in oil and gas pipelines
• Element


  Substance made up of only one type of atom
• Compound


  Substance made up of two or more elements chemically joined together