right wing

• Crime prevention - Environmental Crime prevention

  Wilson and Kelling - Suggest that disorder & the absence of controls leads to crime & therefore reversing social disorder should lower the rate of crime.

  Regeneration - cleaning areas and fostering informal social control.

  A policy of zero tolerance policing, ASBO's, curfews, street drinking bans, dispersal orders and the 3 strikes rule should be applied.

  Zero Tolerance Policing involves strictly enforcing penalties for relatively minor crimes of anti-social behaviour.
• Strengths of Crime prevention - Environmental Crime prevention

  Evidence provided by the success in New York city in the 80's.

  Applying broken window theory and zero tolerance policies resulted in a 50% reduction of crime and led to New York becoming one of the safest cities to visit.
• Weaknesses of Crime prevention - Environmental Crime prevention

  Marginalised communities are on the receiving end of law enforcement policies, this links to canteen culture - the police have developed distinct working values that include a thirst for cynicism, suspicion, macho values and racism.

  Reiner - States that those who are stopped & searched, questioned in the street, arrested, detained, charged & prosecuted are disproportionately young males, unemployed or casually employed from marginalised backgrounds.
• Crime prevention - Situational Crime Prevention


  Target hardening - making it difficult for offenders to be successful.

  Based on rational choice theory.

  Uses surveillance of the population and target hardening to control and prevent crime, eg. CCTV, alarms on housing.

  Re-shaping the physical environment to 'design out' crime led to a large reduction in crime, eg. replacing the large sinks which homeless used for washing, reduced the number of homeless people hanging around the bus station - Port Authority bus terminal, NYC.
• Strengths of Crime prevention - Situational Crime Prevention

  Evidence for the support and use is that it is relatively cheap and simple to implement.

  Can be used by formal social control agencies and local councils, businesses and private individuals can make their property and possessions harder to steal.
• Weaknesses of Crime prevention - Situational Crime Prevention

  May lead to crime displacement - offenders will respond to target hardening by moving to where targets are softer.

  Chaiken et al - Found that a crackdown on subway robberies in New York merely displaced them to different street challenging the view that target hardening is the solution to the crime problem.
• Crime prevention - Retributive Justice

  Punishment should fit the crime.

  Criminals should be excluded and severely punished by society which will act as a deterrent to others.

  Very popular with Right Wing populist governments - Bukele and El Salvador
• Strengths of Crime prevention - Retributive Justice

  It creates safety for the public. Dangerous individuals might never see the light of day, eg. Levi Belfield. Makes right realists happy as it punishes the evil underclass and prevents others from committing crime.
• Weaknesses of Crime prevention - Retributive Justice


  Indeterminate sentences are against human rights and are linked to high suicide rates. Not cost effective to 'warehouse' prisoners - £49,000 per prisoner, per year.

  Lacks rehabilitation focus like in Left-realists places, eg. Scandinavia.