ENVIRONEMNTAL GLOBAL GOV

• what is the background to the green movement

  Thomas mathus (1866) argued growing population will eclipse the earths capacity to feed itself / 1960s - rise in green activism focused on conservative, air pollution, deforestation, waste disposal, specifies decline and climate change
• which report was crucial in the environmental movement

  UN Brutland Report 1987 - criticised environmental issues as the result of poverty and unsustainable patterns of consumption and production and defined natural resources as inexhaustible
• what does anthropocentric mean

  human centred
• what does ecocentrism mean

  ecology centred thought
• what did Locke quote on nature

  "human are the masters and passers of nature"
• what do the science community believe about climate change

  98% believe that anthropogenic climate change is real
• what did Lovelock quote

  'we are no more qualified to be stewards or developers of earth than goats are to gardeners"
• what is the issue with international environmental global governance

  States pursue their own interests prioritising economic growth over wider global issues - resistance to change is a major cause of climate change with states resisting environmental regulations as it threatens sovereignty
• what does IPCC stand for

  intergovernmental panel on climate change
• When was the IPCC established

  1988
• what is the IPCC

  Panel of scientists and researchers to provide advice on climate change to the international community - guides policymakers but it doesn't conduct its own research
• How was the IPCC created

  Created by the United Nations agencies - the world meteorological organisation (WMO) and the UN environmental program (UNEP)
• What is the role of the IPCC

  To provide regular reports on the science of climate change, the impacts of future risks and options for adaptation
• What are some restrictions to international environmental cooperation

  Economic globalisation - the spread of capitalism and the ideas of limitless growth which exploits nature / cultural globalisation - values of consumerism and materialisation
• give some advantages to the IPCC

  widespread support - 195 numbers more than the UN recognises which helps to build a consensus amongst politicians / governments often use IPCC info for government plans / its reliable - independent in-depth information with a reputation for objectivity given the IPCC and unrivalled influence / shock factor - reports are more apocalyptic creating conditions for urgency and cooperation
• Give some disadvantages to the IPCC

  Slow and limited funds - big reports take up to 6 years to complete so they are outdated and the budget is only £3.6 million / Limited role - tries to produce facts and reports but doesn't take actions to solve the issue / false predictions - it claimed the Himalayan glaciers would melt by 2035 this isn't true
• When was the millennium development goals created and what were they

  2000 - UNGA created MDGs to reduce poverty by 2015
• Give some achievements to the MDGs

  Child immortality decreased / 500 million people were lifted out of extreme poverty / uneducated children declined / disease rates of HIV and aids declined
• Which millennium development goal so the least amount of achievement and why

  MDG7 - the goal for environmental stability - this was due to many previous goals endangering the environment and other goals need resources that produce harmful emission
• When were the sustainable development goals created

  2015
• How many countries signed the SDGs and how long were the goals for

  193 and for 15 years until 2030
• What did the UN say about the SDGs

  'SDGs are a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity'
• What did the 2022 SDG report find

  Painted a worrying picture of progress in all areas and there was an increased global urgency to ignite progress - SDGs are in peril due to increasing economic gaps between developed and developing nations
• name Some SDG successes

  Child immortality declined / better electric access / decline in disease
• What does the UNFCCC stand for

  UN framework Convention on Climate Change
• What does the UNFCCC do

  It was developed to create global environmental policies and since 2012 198 states and organisations have ratified the treaty. Parties meet every year to discuss climate change
• What is the tragedy of the commons

  It's an economic theory about shared resources in the system - each individual tries to gain the benefit from the resource and therefore demand increases - individuals will directly harm others for the resources
• Which two theorists discuss the tragedy of the commons

  hardin and Lloyd
• What was Hardin's thoughts on the tragedy of the commons

  Herdmen increase the herd for profit at a small cost - each one acting in their own best interest and adds more cattle which ruins the Commons - States act in their own best interest exploiting global resources and sharing environmental costs
• What is sustainable development

  Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations abilities to meet their own needs
• What is the problem with sustainable development

  Only focuses on anthropocentric needs
• What is ecologism

  Political ideology that places importance on states and other actors impact upon the natural environment - focuses on Earth and humanities relationship
• What is the shallow green perspective

  Economic growth and environmental protection can support each other / technological developments brought about by economic growth can solve environmental issues (electric cars and solar panels) / reformist perspective believes in sustainable development
• Give three things the shallow green perspective believes in

  Green capitalism - ethical consumerism, rising cost of resources which means TNCs will innovate / managerialism - regulations and targets on businesses to limit environmental impacts / strong belief in technology - to help innovate
• What is the deep green perspective

  Economic growth causes environmental damage and resource exploitation / the global economy must radically change for the protection of the environment / radical perspective believes sustainable development is not possible
• What are 2 things Deep Green perspective believe in

  Ecocentrism - nature has its own rights and independency / rejection of capitalism
• What is Rayworth's idea of doughnut economics

  West see growth as progress but the economy doesn't need growth -endless growth is not progress and the GDP only measures economic value not welfare and happiness
• What is Rachel Carson's silent spring book about

  It attacks the use of pesticides and their affects on species and ecosystems
• When was the Kyoto economic conference

  1997
• What happened at the Kyoto climate change conference

  192 countries went and created an agreement in place until 2012 which 84 countries are ratified / extended the Doha conference