POWER + DEVELOPMENT

• what is the realist perspective on power

  power is finite and if one state loses power then another must gain that in order to influence
• whats the liberalists perspective on power

  power is not finite and its essential states cooperate
• what is polarity

  refers to the number of states (poles) that exert power in an International system
• whats the realist perspective on Polarity

  polarity is important for tactical decisions and to keep peace
• whats the liberalist perspective on Polarity

  focus more on the interconnected nature of the international system
• name three ways states display power

  relationships, diplomacy, co-opoeration and promotion of culture / structures / capabilities (what a state can do on its own) - military and economic strength, population and territory
• name the types of power

  soft / hard / sharp / smart
• what is power

  the ability or capacity to do or act in a particular way or influence the behaviour of others
• which country had the most soft power in 2022 and what was there rating

  US and 70%
• whats soft power

  the ability to shape the preferences of others to be in line with your own, without using force (cultural and diplomatic tools)
• give an example of France using soft power

  gave the US the Statue of Liberty
• give an example of China using soft power

  china lending pandas and holding the Beijing olympics
• give an example of the UK using soft power

  the monarch allows for state visits
• how have china potentially ruined their soft power reputation

  Covid pandemic
• whats hard powers

  ability to reach ones goals through coercive actions, threats or incentives
• give an example of Russia using hard power

  Russias invasion of Ukraine
• give an example of Israel using hard power

  the Israel attack on Palestine
• give an example of China using hard power

  Chinese military presence in the South China Sea
• give an example of the west using hard power

  western bombings of the Islamic state
• give an example of the US using hard power

  US invasion of the Afghanistan
• name a think tank that helps the UK with hard power policies

  Henry Jackson society
• what's smart power

  hard and soft power combined and uses the advantages of both, often used as a strategy to deal with threats
• give an example of smart power

  US invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11
• whats sharp power

  information warfare to systematically suppress freedom of expression and spread misinformation
• give an example of sharp power

  Russian interference with the 2016 US election
• whats cyber warfare

  digital attacks intended to destroy infrastructure
• give an example of cyber warfare

  Russia shutting down the electricity in Ukraine / Israel and shutting down power in Gaza
• what power to realists favour

  hard power but also believe in economic methods like sanctions
• give some factors that account for the use of more soft power since 1945

  promotion of world peace / international organisations / economic stability
• name some drawbacks that occur due to hard power

  leads to conflict or arms race / increases international enemies / causes bigger issues and escalates conflict - Iraq war
• name some drawbacks that occur due to soft power

  countries appear vulnerable / difficult to implement in the short term / requires relationships built on trust
• whats great power

  a state that is recognised as having ability and influence on a global scale (France) (UK)
• whats a super power

  a state with extraordinary power on a world stage (US)
• whats an emerging power

  a country with a growing economy, growth of trade
• give an example of a group of emerging power

  BRICS - Brazil / Russia / India / China / South Africa
• what does BRICS do

  rivals western power and have divergent economies
• whats unipolar / hegemony

  one dominant power (state) that has no rivals
• whats bipolarity

  international system that revolve around 2 main poles
• whats multipolarity

  international system that revolves around 3 or more poles
• whats the realist perspective on hegemony

  Realists see it as natural and the best way to protect dominance - the state acts as a world police officer