Transmission of communicable diseases
Cards (13)
- how are diseases transmitted through direct contact in animals?
- kissing or any contact with body fluids of another person
- direct skin-to-skin contact e.g. ring worm
- microorganisms from foeces transmitted on the hands
- how are diseases transmitted through inoculation?
- through a break in the skin
- from an animal bite e.g. rabies
- through a puncture would or through sharing needles
- how are diseases transmitted through ingestion?
- taking in contaminated food or drink, or transferring pathogens to the mouth from the hands
- how are diseases transmitted through fomites?
- inanimate objects such as bedding, socks, or cosmetics can transfer pathogens
- how are diseases transmitted through droplet infection?
- minute droplets of saliva and mucus are expelled from your mouth as you talk, cough or sneeze
- if these droplets contain pathogens, when healthy individuals breath the droplets in they may become infected
- how are diseases transmitted through vectors?
- a vector transmits communicable pathogens from one host to another
- not always animals e.g. mosquitos (malaria)
- how does climate change affect disease transmission?
- introduce new vectors and new diseases e.g. increased temperatures promote spread of malaria as mosquito species is able to survive over a wider area
- how does culture and infrastructure affect disease transmission?
- in many countries traditional medical practises can increase transmission
- how does poor disposal of waste affect disease transmission?
- provides breeding sites for vectors, any waste container holding water provides a breeding space for mosquitos so increase malaria
- what other factors affect disease transmission?
- overcrowded living and working conditions
- poor nutrition
- socioeconomic factors - insufficient public warning
- how are diseases transmitted through direct contact in plants?
- direct contact of a healthy plant with any part of a diseased plant
- how are diseases transmitted in soil contamination?
- infected plants leave pathogens or reproductive spores in the soil - can infect next crop
- e.g. black sigatoka spores, ring rot
- some pathogens can survive composting process so infection cycle can be completed when contaminated compost is used
- how are diseases transmitted through vectors?
- wind - pathogens carried in the wind
- water - spores swim in surface film of water on leaves, raindrop splashes carry pathogens/spores
- animals - insects and birds carry pathogens and spores from one plant to another as they feed
- humans - pathogens/spores transmitted by hands, clothing, fomites, farming practices and transporting of plants