Cultural variations studies

• Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis 


  Meta-analysis of Strange Situation and combined findings of 32 other Strange Situation studies from a variety of 8 different countries.
• State the three main findings of from Van Ijzendoorns and Kroonenbergs meta-analysis

  1. Secure attachment = most common
  2. Insecure-avoidant = Highest % in Germany
  3. Insecure-resistant = least common overall, but highest in Japan

  There was a greater variation of x1.5 within cultures
• How does Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's study show support for Bowlby's monotropic theory

  The cultural similarity of secure being the most common attachment type suggests attachment is innate.
• Which study shows high levels of insecure-resistant in Asian counties?

  Jin et al 2012
• Jin et al (2012)

  • Compared attachment types in Korea to other studies using the Strange Situation to assess 87 children
  • proportions of insecure and secure babies is similar to most counties
  • Higher levels of insecure-resistant
• What other study showed evidence of high levels of insecure-avoidant in Germany?

  Grossman and Grossman (1991)
• Countries rather than cultures study support

  Ijzendoorn and Sagi (2001):

  Found distributions of attachment type in Tokyo were similar to the western studies where as a more rural sample found an overall representation of insecure-resistant individuals. (subcultures more important than individual differences)
• Indigenous theories of attachment study support - COUNTER

  Posada and Jacobs (2001):

  There is alot of evidence that supports the universality of attachment from many different countries eg China Germany Colombia ect