Impact - 1499

• Infrastructure:

  • no town suffered a long period of siege
  • military fortifications not built
  • fortified churches barely existed
  • looting was rare
• Aristocracy:

  • 44 nobles killed
  • widow left in vulnerable positions
  • Cecily Neville lost husband, 3 sons, 4 grandsons + more
• Impact on lower class was little. Only a handful of towns involved and they recovered quickly. Daily life went on normally.
• Religion was untouched, church not involved.
• Black Death:

  • early 1300s, England suffering agricultural issues
  • 1348 - Black Death, 1/3 population wiped out - more prosperity due to individual living raised
• Impact on economy was varied everywhere, if one prospered another would be losing out
• Other factors:

  • cloth trade - impacted by embargoes
  • piracy in English Channel
  • English associations with Burgundy impacted relations with Low Countries, and a knock on effect to the Hansa Merchants
• Failure of government:

  • merchants not faring as well as Hansa merchants
  • pushed out of trading regions like Scandinavia and Iceland
  • historians said they failed to support the merchants as they should
• Failure of merchants:

  • could not compete with Hanseatic or Italian counterparts
  • they 'followed backward business techniques'
• Central authority and regions:

  • management relied on strength of royal authority
  • governance increasingly dominated by central authority of London
• The north:

  • over mighty subjects was a constant issue
  • 1499 - it was far less of a problem. Surrey rallied region to Henry's support. Henry enforced personal authority in the north and did not create a northern council until 1501
• Henry successfully centralised authority. He was seen as a ruthless administrator. In East Anglia, John de Vere held authority as a loyal servant.
• General machinery of government did not change throughout. Features that remained the same were:

  • selection of sheriffs
  • issue and return of writs
  • appointment of commissions