3 Non-Renewable, Abiotic, Natural Resources

• Depletable natural resources

  • minerals
  • energy
• Renewable natural resources

  • agriculture
  • marine
  • water
  • forest
• Mineral resource taxonomy

  A) Demonstrated

  B) Measured

  C) Indicated

  D) Inferred

  E) Hypothetical

  F) Speculative

  G) Economics

  H) Reserves

  I) Sub-economic

  J) Para-marginal

  K) Sub-marginal

  
• Categories of mineral resources

  ❖ Identified: known location, quality and quantity supported by engineering or other measurements

  ❖ Measured: quantity and quality are estimated within a margin of error

  ❖ Indicated: quantity and quality are estimated partly from samples and reasonable projections/expert judgement

  ❖ Inferred: material in unexplored extensions of demonstrated resources based on geological projections
• Categories of mineral resources

  ❖ Undiscovered: unspecified bodies of mineral bearing material surmised to

  exist based on broad general knowledge and theory

  ❖ Hypothetical: undiscovered materials reasonable expected to exist in a

  known mining district under known geological conditions

  ❖ Speculative: undiscovered material that may occur either known types of

  deposits in favorable geological settings where no discoveries have been

  made, or in yet unknown types of deposits that remain to be recognized
• Large proportion of high quality nickel ore reserves.
• PH: Central bank buys gold; informal buyers (traders from Thailand), no taxes because informal
• Minahang bayan

  • small scale gold miners
  • some are underground through small tunnels
• PASAR: Philippine Associated Smelting and Refining

  • buyers of copper in Leyte
  • allowed to export copper
• Class A - best class of copper reserves
• Use of copper: electrical wires, cars
• Urban mining - getting copper from disposed materials
• Carmen Copper Corporation

  • copper mine in Toledo City, Cebu
  • The mine produces copper concentrate and is one of the largest copper mines in the country
  • known for its commitment to responsible mining practices and community development initiatives in the areas where it operate