BACTERIOLOGY

• Infection


  Invasion or colonziation of the body by pathogenic organisms
• Invasion


  Bacteria enter host cells or tissues and spread in the body
• Adherence Factors


  Pili, Fimbriae
• Endotoxin


  Found in the outer membrane of G(-) rods
• Interleukin-1


  Fever is produced when this is released
• Tissue degrading enzymes:

  • Clostridium perfringes
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Group A Streptococci
• Antiphagocytic Pathogenicity


  Some pathogens absorb normal host components to their surfaces and produce factors or toxins that inhibit chemotaxis
• Intracellular Pathogenicity


  Pathogen avoid entry into phagolysosomes and live within the cytosol of the phagocyte
• Antigenic Heterogeneity


  Ability to make frequent shifts in the antigenic form of their surface structures in vitro and presumably in vivo
• Bacillus


  Aerobe, central spore, and motile
• Clostridium


  Anaerobe, terminal spore, and non-motile
• Bacilllus anthracis


  Causative agent of anthrax
• Cutaneous


  Black eschar
• Inhalataional


  wool sortersdse
• Gastrointestinal


  ulceration of G.I tract
• Injection


  Heroine
• Treatment for Anthrax


  Ciprofloxacin

  Other: Penicillin G, Doxycyline, Erythromycin, Vancomycin
• Raxibacumab


  Approved for treatment and prophylaxis against inhalational anthrax
• Bacillus cereus


  saprophyte and can cause two types of food poisoning
• Emetic Form


  Short incubation and heat stable enterotoxin
• Diarrheal Form


  Long incubation and heat labile enterotoxin
• Treatment for Bacillus cereus

  Supportive care
• ECSCBSV

  • E. coli - undercooked meat
  • Clostridium botulinum - canned foods
  • Salmonella - poultry, eggs
  • Clostridium perfringens - reheated meat
  • Bacillus cereus - fried rice
  • Staphylococcus aureus - meats, mayo mustard
  • Vibrio - seafood
• Clostridium botulinum


  causative agent for botulism, obligate anaerobe, subterminal spore, non-capsulated, and motile
• Serotypes


  Groups within a single species which share distinctive surface structures
• Serotypes A, B, E

  Human illness
• Serotype C


  Limberneck in birds
• Serotype D


  Botulism
• Serotype E


  Fish products
• Serotype A, B, F


  Infant botulism
• Serotype G


  Not associated with any disease
• Botulism


  Placid paralysis and acts by blocking release of acetylcholine at synapses and neuromuscular junctions
• Infant Botulism


  Floppy baby syndrome; mostly gets from honey
• Foodborne Botulism


  Incubation period is approximately 10-36 hours
• Wound Botulism


  Incubation period of around 10 days
• Treatment for Botulism


  Supportive Care, Trivalent antitoxin (A, B, E), Antibiotics, Cholinesterase inhibitors
• Clostridium tetani


  Obligate anaerobe and causative agent for tetanus, causes spastic paralysis and inhibits the release of glycine and GABA
• Tetanus


  Spores are transmitted through a puncture wound
• Local Tetanus


  Localize around the area of injury
• Cephalic Tetanus


  Limited to muscle supplied by cranial nerves