rocks- solid Naturally occurring made up of minerals or mineral like matter.
-made up of two or more minerals, nor crystals
(3) major categories of rocks
igneous rocks
sedimentary rocks
metamorphic rocks
igneousrocks- Comes from molten material. comes from the cooling and solidification of molten rock called magma.
(2) types of igneous rocks
extrusive igneous rocks
intrusive igneous rocks
intrusiveigneousrocks- "inside" or under the earth surface. When igneous rocks form below the surface of the Earth. -have larger grain crystals
extrusiveigneousrocks- comes out as lava. they form on the surface. -fine grained crystal
TYPES OF IGNEOUS TEXTURE
aphanitic- (fine grained) microscopic
phaneritic- (course grained) without microscope
(2) types of igneous rocks
plutonic igneous rocks- if the magma solidifies at depth >granite
volcanic igneous rocks- the magma may rise and come out of a volcano. >basalt
sedimentary rocks- Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water, ice and wind.
stratified rocks- sediments deposited layers or strata.
sediment- all types of rock continuously being broken down into small fragments.
compaction- pieces of sediment are squeezed together by the weight of overlying layers
cementation- occurs when mineral are deposited in a bed of sediment, form crystals that glue the sediment.
(3) classification of sedimentary rocks
detrital sedimentary rocks
chemical sedimentary rocks
organicsedimentary rocks
detrital rocks- composed of solid sediment grains
chemical sedimentary rocks- formed when water dissolved mineral evaporates. >limestone
biological or organic sedimentary rocks -rocks made up of once living things.
metamorphic rocks -formed when existing when minerals in an existing rock are changed by heat of pressure. -result from the alteration of pre existing rocks in response to the changing environmental conditions.
protolith- The original rock or “parent rock”
(2) CLASSIFICATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS
FOLIATED METAMORHIC ROCKS- shows a layer or banded appearance due to the parallel alignment of elongated or platy minerals. -line up in parallel bands.
NONFOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS- usually develop in environments where deformation is minimal and other factors, such as chemically-active fluids, play a larger part in altering the rock.
rockcycle- series of prosses that create and transform the types of rocks in earth's crust.
IGNEOUS ROCKS> (weathering, erosion) > [sediments] > (compaction, cementation) > SEDIMENTARY ROCKS > (high temperature, high pressure, chemical reaction) >