Lead adaptions

• Thick waxy top layer

  • stops water from evaporating
• Leaves are broad and flat

  • Bigger surface area
• The palisade cells at the top have lots of chloroplast

  • Can absorb lots of sunlight
• Leaves are thin

  • CO2 does not have to diffuse far to reach the cells that it needs to
• • Spongy mesophyll contains spaces to allow gas exchange. Carbon dioxide into the cell and oxygen out of the cell.
• Stomata

  • Stomata opens during the day to allow co2 to enter for photosynthesis anand water vapour to leave. The stomata closes during night to prevent too much evaporation by osmosis
• How stomata opens

  -> Water moves into the guard cell via osmosis. They become flaccid. Stomata opens.

  How stoma closes

  -> Water moves out of the guard cell via osmosis. They become turgid. Stomo closes