People - Medieval

• How did physicians learn?


  Medically trained at university for 7 years using Hippocrates and Galen
• What didn’t physicians know?


  They didn’t have dissections so little anatomical knowledge
• How many physicians?

  Only 100 male physician in England
• Who were barber surgeons?


  Trained by a seven-year apprenticeship and were looked down on by university—trained physicians
• What surgeries did barber surgeons do?


  Removing tumours and bladder stones
• What anaesthetics did barber surgeons use?


  They used natural anaesthetics e.g. wine, opium and hemlock
• How did barber surgeons stop bleeding?


  By using the painful method of cauterisation by boiling oil
• Who warned against trephining?


  Frugardi in 1180
• Who realised Galen was wrong?


  Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca realised Galen was wrong that pus is good for a wound in 1267
• Who formed The Guild of Surgeons?


  John of Ardene in 1368 to professionalise the industry
• Who included Islamic ideas in his famous textbook?


  John of Arderne in 1376 in his textbook ‘Practica’
• Avicenna


  • “Canon of medicine” encyclopaedia
  • listed medical properties of 760 drugs
  • chapters on obesity and anorexia
  • o-to medical textbook in Europe until the 1600s
• Rhazes


  • Distinguished measles from smallpox
  • wrote over 200 books
  • Thought that students should improve on the work of the teacher
  • Rhazes raised doubts about Galen