S/LTM

• AO1 - capacity: how much can be held in memory
• AO1 - coding: the way info is interpreted/changed to be stored in memory
• AO1 - duration: How long memory can last before it loses availability
• AO1 - LTM:

  • capacity theoretically infinite, duration theoretically forever (Harry Bahrick 1975, though does degenerate), Coded semantically (Baddeley 1966).
• AO1 - STM:

  • memory for immediate events, Coded acoustically (Baddeley 1966), Capacity 7+- 2 (George Miller 1956), duration between 18 secs (Margaret Peterson 1959)
• AO3 -

  • Cowan (2001) found that Miller's 7+-2 may actually be too high an estimate
• AO3 - Simon (1974) found that memory had shorter span for large chunks rather than small chunks
• AO3 - Memory recall can increase with age, capacity can be influenced by individual differences
• AO3 - Testing STM was artificial, lab studies
• AO3 - Some studies (Peterson) may not be actually researching decay, but more like displacement, as when Reitman (1974) used auditory stones instead of numbers lengthened STM duration
• AO3 - Stm may not be exclusively acoustic, can be visual (Brandimore 1972) or semantic (Wickens et al 1976) as well
• AO3 - LTM may not be exclusively semantic, found to be visual and semantic (Frost 1972)
• AO3 - Baddeley’s (1966) study debatably doesn't test LTM (only waited 20 mins)