synthetic routes in organic synthesis

• synthetic routes: alkane to haloalkanes

  halogen, UV light, free radical, substitution
• synthetic routes: alkene to alkane

  hydrogen (+ Ni catalyst), 150 degrees, electrophilic addition/ hydrogenation
• synthetic routes: alkenes to haloalkanes

  hydrogen halide, room temperature, electrophilic addition
• synthetic routes: haloalkanes to alcohols

  NaOH, heat under reflux, nucleophilic substitution
• synthetic routes: alcohols to halogenalkane

  NaX (+H2SO4) , heat under reflux, nucleophilic substitution
• synthetic routes: alkene to alcohols

  steam (+H2SO4), hydration
• synthetic routes: alcohols to alkene

  Al2O3 (drying agent) or concentrated acid,heat, elimination/dehydration
• synthetic routes: alcohols to ketone

  K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, heat under reflux, oxidation
• synthetic routes: alcohols to aldehyde

  K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, distillation, oxidation
• synthetic routes: alcohols to carboxylic acid

  K2Cr2O7/H2SO4, heat under reflux, oxidation