Respiratory system

• Lactic acid - a toxic chemical produced during anaerobic respiration
• Bronchiole - small airways in the lungs that branch off the bronchi.
• Intercostal mucles - sets of muscles between the ribs which raise and lower the ribcage
• Human thorax - ribs and upper backbone and all the organs found in the chest
• Tobacco causes increase risk of lung cancer due to it containing many carcinoids
• Smoking increases heart disease
• Niccotine causes addiction meaning people will smoke more
• The chemicals paralise cilia cells leading to a build up of mucus which causes smokers cough
• Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen needed by the body to recover
• Breathing in

  • intercostal muscles contract pulling rib cage up and out
  • disphram contracts and flattens
  • preasure decreases
  • volume increases
  • air drawn into lungs
• Glucose + oxygen - Carbon dioxide + water + atp
• Glucose - lactic acid + atp
• Bell jar model

  • glass tube - trachea
  • bell jar - chest cavity
  • balloons - lungs
  • rubber sheet - diaphram
• Goblet cells produce mucus which traps bacteria from entering the lungs
• Cilia are small hairs which beat to push mucus back up trachea so it can be swallowed
• Aerobic respiration

  • requires oxygen
  • carbon dioxide and water produced
  • glucose breakdown is complete
  • large amounts of energy produced
• Lungs have alveoli which allow gas exchange between blood and air
• Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries where gases diffuse across membrane into bloodstream
• Capillary beds surround alveoli, increasing surface area available for gas exchange