Earths Atmosphere

• Earth- "closed system" which means significant energy exchanged but with minimal amount of mass being transferred
• earth is composed of abiotic (inorganic- nonliving) and biotic (organic- living)
• spheres- total: 17 (overlapping round subsystems)
• spheres can be grouped into 4 major subsystems (oblate spheroid is the shape of the subsystems)
• Geosphere- solid earth (surface+interior)
• the crust is the uppermost layer of the earth's crust and is made up of 70% of the earth's mass
• Pedosphere- outermost layer of the earth that is composed of soil
• crust is divided into two types- the oceanic crust and the continental crust
• oceanic crust- composed of silicon and magnesium-rich minerals
• continental crust- silicon and aluminum rich minerals
• the minerals in the crust 94% are composed of oxygen, silicon, magnesium, and aluminum.
• mantle- known as semi-fluid composed of oxygen, silicon and magnesium
• core- outercore (liquid) and innercore (solid)- composed of metal minerals, iron and nickel
• lithosphere- solid primary compost of crust and solid upper upper mantle (somewhat floating or moving above the asthenosphere [ductile part of the upper mantle])
• lithosphere- asthenosphere- mesosphere (thickest part of the mantle)
• plate tectonics theory- the theory that the earth's crust is made up of plates that move over each other
• Hydrosphere- all water 97.5 % seawater, 2.5 % freshwater (70% cryosphere, 30% groundwater)
• 90% of all living things rely heavily on water, 75% of each of the cell are composed of water, habitat to many aquatic life and regulate climate through water
• water cycle- water cycle is the continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to the earth and back
• water cycle starts with the help of the sun and continues with the help of the atmosphere, soil, and plants
• evapotranspiration- the evaporation of water from the surface of the earth and the transpiration of water through plants
• sublimation- solid to gas, glaciers
• condensation- clouds
• precipitation- the process of water falling from the sky and soaking into the ground
• atmosphere- invisible gaseous envelope, transition of surface to vacuum of space
• atmosphere- troposphere (80 % atmospheric mass, where can we find the airplane), stratosphere (ozone layer can be found), mesosphere (thicker air, highest clouds), Thermosphere (composed of ionosphere 9we can see the aurora borealis) and exosphere (first layer of the earth against harmful radiation of sun, we can find the international space station), plasmasphere (extension of exo with low energy and electrically charged gases)
• nitrogen 78% of the entire atmosphere, oxygen and argon as well as carbon dioxide
• atmosphere- layer of protection to the sun, keeps the climate through the absorption of greenhouse gases
• biosphere- life zone of the earth, interacts with all the spheres, includes the interaction of animals through food web and food chains
• biosphere- food web or food chains (autotrophs- producers) (heterotrophs- predators and prey [carnivores, omnivores, herbivores]) plants, animals, microogranisms
• geo- (+) composting, tree planting, aeration, (-) mining, littering, construction, pesticides, deforestation
• Hydro- (+) conservation, (-) fertilizers, sewage, dams, diverting water bodies
• atmo- (+) hybrid vehicles, clean energy resources, (-) aerosols, burining, excessive CO/CO^2
• bio- (+) conservation, protection, (-) hunting, overfishing, destruction of different habitats
• recycling, upcycling, reducing, reusing (basic thing to do to have a better impact)