ENGINEERING UTILITIES

• Active Fire Protection - only used in times of fire. requires some amount of action to work efficiently in the event of fire.
• Passive Fire Protection - Installed in buildings. Uses fire-resistance rated walls and floors. Dampers are used to prevent the spread of fire/smoke.
• Fire Resistance - Resistant to fire for a specified time and heat intensity to not fail structurally or allow transit of heat.
• Republic Act 9514 - 2008 Fire Code of the Philippines.
• Fire Extinguisher - AFP Device to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations.
• Types of Fire Extinguisher:

  • Type A - For cloth, wood, and paper.
  • Type B - For combustible and flammable liquids.
  • Type C - For fires from electrical equipment.
  • Type D - For fires from flammable metals.
  • Type K - For vegetable oil, animal oil, and fats for cooking.
• Fire Sprinkler System - Helps prevent flames from spreading and reduce fire damage.
• Types of Fire Sprinkler System:

  • Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler System
  • Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System
  • Pre-Action Fire Sprinkler System
  • Deluge Fire Sprinkler System
• Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler System - Contains water and are the most common type of fire sprinkler system.
• Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System - Are filled with nitrogen or pressurized air.
• Pre-Action Fire Sprinkler System - Has a two-step process on activating, detecting the fire or an increase in temperature. Contains pressurized air or nitrogen instead of water.
• Deluge Fire Sprinkler System - Uses open-style sprinkler heads that can discharge water quickly.
• Standpipe System - A type of rigid water piping to which fire hoses can be connected.
• Types of Standpipes:

  • Automatic - Dry
  • Automatic - Wet
  • Semi-Automatic - Dry
  • Manual - Dry
  • Manual - Wet
• Automatic - Dry - Is connected to a permanent water supply capable of meeting flow and pressure requirements.
• Automatic - Wet - Is always filled with water.
• Semi-Automatic - Dry - Connected to a remote operating device.
• Manual - Dry - Is not connected to a permanent water supply. Connected to a fire hydrant and supplies the system.
• Manual - Wet - Is filled by "Priming Water" from a hydrant.
• Fire Detection System - Has a lifespan of 10 to 15 years. Consists of Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP), the system's brain.
• Types of Fire Detection System:

  • Fire Alarm Control Panel
  • Initiating Devices
  • Notification Devices
• Fire Alarm Control Panel - Designed with ultra-sensitive smoke detection and digital voice command evacuation system.
• Initiating Devices - Devices like fire alarm pull stations, waterflow monitors, and sensor-activated detectors.
• Notification Devices - Utilize sensory methods to alert occupant to a potential emergency.
• Gas Detection System - Sense the presence of harmful gases within any given area.
• Emergency Elevator Recall System - Brings elevator directly to the ground floor to keep them from opening on a floor where fire may be present.
• Smoke Detections within Air Ducts - Sensors mounted in air ducts to detect smoke.
• Fire Alarm System - A system designed to detect and warn of a fire and to activate a fire alarm signal
• Types of Fire Alarm Systems:

  • Conventional
  • Two - wire
  • Analogue - addressable
  • Wireless
• Abatement


  Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard
• Administrator


  Any person who acts as agent of the owner and manages the use of a building for him
• Blasting Agent


  Any material or mixture consisting of a fuel and oxidizer used to set off explosives
• Cellulose Nitrate or Nitro Cellulose


  A highly combustible and explosive compound produced by the reaction of nitric acid with a cellulose material
• Cellulose Nitrate Plastic (Pyroxylin)


  Any plastic substance, materials or compound having cellulose nitrate (nitro cellulose) as base
• Combustible Flammable or Inflammable


  Descriptive of materials that are easily set on fire
• Combustible Fiber


  Any readily ignitable and free burning fiber such as cotton, oakum, rags, waste cloth, waste paper, kapok, hay, straw, Spanish moss, excelsior and other similar materials commonly used in commerce
• Combustible Liquid


  Any liquid having a flash point at or above 37.8°C (100°F)
• Corrosive Liquid


  Any liquid which causes fire when in contact with organic matter or with certain chemicals
• Curtain Board


  A vertical panel of non-combustible or fire resistive materials attached to and extending below the bottom chord of the roof trusses, to divide the underside of the roof into separate compartments so that heat and smoke will be directed upwards to a roof vent
• Cryogenic


  Descriptive of any material which by its nature or as a result of its reaction with other elements produces a rapid drop in temperature of the immediate surroundings