DNA

• A gene is a section of DNA containing instructions to put amino acids together in a particular order to make a protein.
• A genome is an entire set of genetic material in an organism
• Advantages of genomes:

  • allows scientists to identify genes that cause disease
  • develop treatments
  • trace migrations of certain populations
• Allele is the alternative version of a gene
• A genotype is what alleles you have
• A phenotype is what characteristics you have
• Homozygous is when an organism has two alleles for a particular gene, that are the same
• Heterozygous is when an organism has two alleles for a particular gene, that are different
• A dominant gene is when an organism has two different alleles that are present for that characteristic.
• A recessive gene is a characteristic that only appears in an organism if there are two copies present.
• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes. Because there are two parents, the offspring contains a mixture of genes and is genetically different.
• Asexual reproduction is when there is only one parent meaning the parent and offspring are genetically identical.
• A nucleotide is made from 1 sugar molecule, 1 phosphate molecule and 1/4 of different bases.
• The different bases are A , T , C and G
• How many bases code for one amino acid?

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