Henry VII

• When was the Battle of Bosworth

  22/08/1485
• How many of Richard's men were Stanley men?

  4,000 out of 12,000
• Who killed Richard?


  Stanley Army
• Role of Northumberland?


  Didn't fight
• Richard's mistakes?


  Didn't react to HVII's invasion, fought on top of Ambien Hill, trusted Stanley and Northumberland
• Positive results for HVII?

  Became King, got rid of potential rivals, divine right to rule, influential figures killed e.g John Howard, has support from majority of nobility
• Negative results for HVII?

  Some influential figures e.g Francis Lovell, Staffords, nobility may betray HVII like they did Richard
• How did HVII secure the throne?

  Coronation, Parliament, Marriage, Rewards and Punishments, Respect for monarchy, Small family, treatment of yorkists
• How did HVII secure the throne?: Coronation

  30/10/1485, divine right to rule
• How did HVII secure the throne?: Parliament

  7/11/1485, said HVII became king day before BoB so all opposition were traitors, overturned titulus regius
• How did HVII secure the throne?: Marriage


  Married Elizabeth of York January 1486, United Houses of York and Lanccaster, had Arthur September 1486
• How did HVII secure the throne?: Rewards and Punishments


  Gave supporters land and titles e.g Jasper Tudor made Duke of Bedford, took land away from opponents so maintained crown lands
• How did HVII secure the throne?: Treatment of Yorkists

  1486: Staffords tried to raise rebellion but failed to gain support, HVII removed them from sanctuary and murdered Humphrey Stafford
• How did HVII secure the throne?: Respect for Monarchy


  1485: HoC and HoL took oath not to obtain men illegally

  1486: HVII progressed to Midlands and North

  1486: Act of Resumption, HVII to take back any crown lands given out before 1455
• How did HVII secure the throne?: Small family

  HVII only child and spent childhood in exile, less people to reward so King retained wealth
• Who had a claim to the throne?

  John De La Pole: Heir presumptive, put in HVII's council

  Earl of Warwick: RIII's nephew, put in tower

  Richard and Edward: Edward IV's sons, disappeared
• Who did Lambert Simnel pretend to be?

  Earl of Warwick
• Why did Simnel fail to convince people he was Earl of Warwick?

  HVII produced real prince from tower
• Who led the Simnel rebellion?

  Francis Lovell and John De La Pole
• Where was Simnel crowned King?

  Ireland
• Simnel invasion?


  Invaded from north with 2,000 German Mercenaries, Henry Percy did nothing to stop invasion
• Actions HVII took against Simnel

  Ordered coasts to be guarded, moved northwards and westwards, adopted Kenilworth Castle as base
• When was the Battle of Stoke?

  16/06/1487
• Results of Battle of Stoke?

  HVII won, John De La Pole killed, Francis Lovell disappeared, Simnel captured
• Simnel: significant threat?


  Others might do the same, used Heir Presumptive, reflected problems of loyalty to HVII, yorkist opposition had overseas support
• Simnel: limited threat?


  Simnel only short term threat, HVII won Battle of Stoke, Heir Presumptive killed, Lovell gone
• Why didn't Simnel gain much support?

  English put of by Irish Army, Gentry didn't trust Lovell, rebels moved too quickly, people wanted peace
• Acts of Attainder


  Using parliament to delcare someone guilty without trial, all estates could be confiscated
• How many Acts of Attainder did HVII pass?

  28
• Court of Star Chamber


  Legal court used to hear cases that difficult to get fair trial
• Warbeck: When and where did he start campaign?

  1491 in Ireland, failed to gain support
• Warbeck: When and Where did he go after Ireland

  1492 to France, initially got support but then HVII settled diferences with Charles
• Warbeck: When and where after France?

  1492 to Burgundy, got support from Maragret of Burgundy
• Warbeck: first invasion?


  1495, failed due to weather and landing at Deal
• Warbeck: second invasion?


  1496, with support from James IV but failed to get English support
• Warbeck: Cornwall?


  1497, planned to capitalise on rebellion in Cornwall but HVII already won in Blackheath
• Warbeck: Significant threat?


  Long lasting, HVII still vulnerable abroad, successful invasion
• Warbeck: limited threat?


  HVII's stern response to Stanley and Marquis of Dorset put others off, Royal army more powerful, never forced HVII into battle, HVII secured dynasty
• Treaty with Spain


  1489, Treaty of Medino Del Campo, Spain and England not to support enemies and marriage alliance Catherine of Aragon and Arthur
• How many nobles did HVII put under financial control?

  36/62 1485-1506