UCSP 3

• Kinship


  Relationship or affinity
• Kinship by Blood


  • Unilineal
  • Matrilineal
  • Patrilineal
  • Bilateral
• Unilineal


  Descent through either the maternal or paternal line only
• Matrilineal


  Descent through the female line
• Patrilineal


  Descent through the male line
• Bilateral


  Descent through both the mother and father
• Lineal


  Having a direct family relationship or affinity
• Monogamy


  Being married to one (1) spouse
• Polygamy


  The practice of having more than one (1) spouse
• Types of Household


  • One-person
  • Multi-person
• One-person household


  An arrangement in which one (1) person makes provision for his/her own food or other essentials for living without combining with any other person
• Multi-person household


  A group of two (2) or more persons living together who make common provision for food or other essentials for living
• Family


  • Members of the household who are related, to a specified degree, through blood, adoption or marriage
  • Consists of at least two (2) members
  • Members of a family must be related
  • Cannot comprise more than one (1) household
• Household


  • May consist of only one (1) person
  • Members of a multi-person household need not be related to each other
  • Can contain more than one (1) family; or one (1) or more families together with one (1) or more non-related persons; or it can consist entirely of non-related persons
• Types of Political Organization

  • Bands
  • Tribes
  • Chiefdoms
• Bands


  Most often found in foraging societies, and associated with low population densities, distribution systems based on reciprocity, and egalitarian social relations
• Tribes


  Found among horticulturists and pastoralists societies, has larger and more sedentary populations, lack centralized political leadership, and egalitarian in nature
• Chiefdoms


  Involve a more formal and permanent political structure, political authority rests with individuals, and rely on feasting and tribute
• Kinship


  Social institution that refers to relations formed between members of society
• Types of Kinship


  • Kinship by Blood
  • Kinship by Marriage
  • Kinship by Rituals
• Kinship by Blood (Consanguineal kinship)

  • Relationship achieved by birth or blood affinity
  • Descent refers to biological relationship
  • Lineage refers to line where one's descent is traced
  • Patrilineal form of descent
  • Matrilineal form of descent
  • Bilateral form of descent
• Kinship by Marriage (Affinal kinship)

  • Endogamy - compulsory marriage
  • Exogamy - out-marriage
  • Monogamy - one male/female partner
  • Polygamy - more than one partner
  • Polygyny - man has multiple female partners
  • Polyandry - woman has multiple male partners
  • Patrilocal - married couple stays with husband's relatives
  • Matrilocal - married couple stays with wife's relatives
  • Biolocal - alternating between husband's and wife's relatives
  • Arranged marriage
  • Referred marriage
• Kinship by Rituals (Compadrazgo)


  • Ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family
• The Family


  Basic unit of social organization, made up of individuals linked by marriage, blood, or adoption
• Types of Families


  • Nuclear family
  • Extended family
  • Blended family
• Types of Households


  • Nuclear Household
  • Extended Household
  • Reconstituted Families
  • Matrifocal Residence
  • Transnational Families
• Political Organization


  • Bands - several families living together
  • Tribes - acephalous political system
  • Chiefdom - formal leadership, authority rests on select family
  • Simple chiefdom - single village/community
  • Complex chiefdom - several simple chiefdoms
  • Nation - people sharing common history, language, traditions
• Legitimacy


  Moral and ethical concept that bestows the right to exercise power
• Authority


  Power to make binding decisions and issue commands
• Types of Authority


  • Traditional authority
  • Charismatic authority
  • Rational-legal or bureaucratic authority
• Traditional Authority


  • Legitimacy derived from customs, habits, and social structures
  • Power passed down, often through heredity
  • Does not change over time, perpetuates status quo
• Charismatic Authority


  • Legitimacy emanates from the charisma of the individual
  • Seen as a 'gift of grace' or possession of 'gravitas'
  • Authority derived from a higher power
• Rational-legal or Bureaucratic Authority


  • Legitimacy drawn from formal rules promulgated by the state
  • Power resides in legally enacted rules and regulations, not individuals
  • People lose authority when they no longer occupy positions of power