Term 2 - Getting Around - Science

• When was the first electric car made?

  1890s
• What are some advantages for electric cars?

  Cheap to run, No harmful gases and faster
• What are some disadvantages for electric cars?

  Limited range, long time to recharge, temperature and limited chargers
• What is a hybrid vehicle?

  A hybrid is a compromise - part petrol and part electric
• What is a hybrid vehicle?


  The computer in the car can switch between using the petrol engine and using the electric engine to get maximum efficiency
• The advantage of a hybrid is that its time consuming
• v = d/t 


  Speed = Distance/Time
• Distance is measured in metres
• Time is measured in seconds
• ms-1 = m/s
• If the graph is a straight line that means that the object is moving at a constant speed
• If the graph is curve, then the speed of the object is changing
• What are the 4 types of graph?


  Object not moving

  Object moving slowly - steady speed

  Fast, steady speed

  Getting Faster
• The slope of a distance against time graph gives us the speed
• Slope = rise/run = d/t = v = gradient
• What is a force?- Newtons 1st Law


  A force is a push or a pull that changes the speed, direction or shape of an object
• Forces are measured in Newtons
• What are 4 forces acting on a car?

  Support or Reaction Force, Drag or Friction Force, Thrust, Engine or Driving Force, Downforce, Weight or Gravity Force
• What are the 2 forces acting on a parachute?

  Friction or Air Resistance Force and Weight and Gravity Force
• What are the 2 forces acting on a person?

  Support or Reaction Force and the Gravity or Weight Force
• Balanced Forces - Newtons 1st Law

  If the forces on an object are balanced then the object will not change speed
• Newtons 1st Law


  If it is moving, it will keep moving at the same speed and if it is stopped , it will remain stopped
• Forces are always in pairs
• Unbalanced Forces


  If an object has unbalanced forces acting on it then it will accelerate or deaccelerate
• Newtons 2nd Law


  F=m x a
• Force = mass x acceleration
• Formulas


  D

  V T

  F

  M A
• Newtons 3rd Law


  Every action has a equal and opposite reaction
• What is mass?


  Mass tells us how much matter there is. It is measured in kilograms
• What is weight?


  Weight is how much force the Earth's gravity pulls on the other object. It is measured in Newtons like all other forces.
• On earth the pull of gravity is 10 Newtons for each kilogramme of mass
• To turn mass into weight we multiply we multiply the mass by 10
• Lead is shiny, bendy and conducts electricity. It is a metal
• Zinc is shiny, brittle and conducts electricity. It is a metal
• Copper is a shiny, bendy and conducts electricity. It is a metal.
• Glass is shiny, brittle and doesn't conduct electricity. It is a non-metal.
• Graphite is dull, brittle and conducts electricity. It is a non-metal
• Aluminium is shiny, brittle (can be bendy) and can conduct electricity. It is a metal
• Wood is dull, brittle and can't conduct electricity. It is a non-metal
• Sulfur is dull, brittle and doesn't conduct electricity. It is a non-metal