PREAMBLE

• We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
• Pambansang teritoryo


  Binubuo ng kapuluang Pilipinas, kasama ang lahat ng mga pulo at mga karagatan na nakapaloob dito, at lahat ng iba pang mga teritoryo na nasa ganap na kapangyarihan o hurisdiksyon ng Pilipinas, na binubuo ng mga kalupaan, katubigan, at himpapawirin nito, kasama ang dagat teritoryal, ang lalim ng dagat, ang kailaliman ng lupa, ang mga kalapagang insular, at ang iba pang mga pook submarina nito
• Ang mga karagatang nakapaligid, nakapagitan at nag-uugnay sa mga pulo ng kapuluan, maging ano man ang lawak at mga dimensyon ay nag-aanyong bahagi ng panloob na karagatan ng Pilipinas
• The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
• Kami, ang nakapangyayaring sambayanang Pilipino, na humihingi ng tulong sa Makapangyarihang Diyos, upang bumuo ng isang makatarungan at makataong lipunan at magtatag ng isang Pamahalaan nakakatawan sa aming mga mithiin at mga lunggatiin, magtataguyod ng kabutihan sa bawat isa, mangangalaga at magpapaunlad ng aming kamanahan, at titiyak para saming sarili at angkanang susunod ng mga biyaya ng kalayaan at demokrasya sa ilalim ng pananaig ng batas at ng pamamahalang puspos ng katotohanan, katarungan, kalayaan, pag-ibig, pagkakapantay-pantay at kapayapaan, ay naglalagda at naghahayag ng Konstitusyong ito
• SOCIAL SCIENCE 102: READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

  
• LESSON 2: RETRACTION OF RIZAL
• • ABUBO, Ma. Iana Ysabelle
  • BAUTISTA, Leika Jemiah
  • DUMAG, Izzy Kate
  • GARCIA, Alana Beyonce
  • MEDINA, Joshua Angela
  • NATIVIDAD, Samad Recca T.
  • ROSARIO, Jermaine
  • SUMABAT, Mary Khristine Eunice
  • TICA, Abigail
• BSN 1E
• IREN JAN B. DONATO
• COURSE INSTRUCTOR
• LEARNING OBJECTIVES


  • Overview of Rizal
  • Explain the meaning of Retraction
  • Discuss the reasons and arguments of retraction
  • Discuss the events during the day before Rizal's execution.
  • Identify and analyze the conflicting views about the Rizal Retraction on each source
  • Discuss the Coetaneous Acts with accordance to Rizal's Retraction.
  • Discuss the Analysis and 4 iterations of the text of the retraction.
• Retraction


  Withdrawal or rejection of what was previously said, or any action that expresses a change in the feelings of the person who made it
• Hours before Rizal's execution, it was claimed that he signed a document stating his belief in the Catholic faith and retracts everything he wrote against the Catholic Church. This document is known as "The Retraction."
• Reasons for Rizal's Retraction

  • To save his family and town from further persecution
  • To give Josephine a legal status as his wife
  • To secure reforms from the Spanish government
• Arguments against the Retraction

  • The retraction information was published late that could be unauthenticated
  • Claim that other acts and facts do not fit well with the story
  • His 'Roman Catholic Marriage' to Josephine Bracken as attested to by 'witnesses'
  • In the desire for historical truth in much later years, people began the search of Rizal's retraction and different versions of duly notarized documents
  • 'Acts of Faith, Hope, and Charity" reportedly cited and signed by Dr. Rizal as attested by 'witnesses' and a signed Prayer Book which was amongst the documents
  • The testimony of the press at the time of the event, of 'eyewitnesses,' and other 'qualified witnesses'
  • Rizal would not only accept the general Roman Catholic teachings but would agree to a number of beliefs which he had previously disclaimed
  • According to the testimony of Father Balaguer, following the signing of the retraction a prayer book was offered to Rizal
• At 7:50 yesterday morning, Jose Rizal entered death row accompanied by his counsel, Señor Taviel de Andrade, and the Jesuit priest Vilaclara
• At approximately 9, the Assistant of the Plaza, Señor Maure, asked Rizal if he wanted anything. He replied that at the moment he only wanted a prayer book, which was brought to him shortly by Father March
• Señor Andrade left death row at 10 and Rizal spoke for a long while with the Jesuit fathers, March and Vilaclara, regarding religious matters, it seems. It appears that these two presented him with a prepared retraction on his life and deeds that he refused to sign
• At 3 in the afternoon, Father March entered the chapel and Rizal handed him what he had written. Immediately the chief of the firing squad, Señor del Fresno and the Assistant of the Plaza, Señor Maure, were informed. They entered death row and together with Rizal signed the document that the accused had written
• At 5 this morning of the 30th, the lover of Rizal arrived at the prison... dressed in mourning. Only the former entered the chapel, followed by a military chaplain whose name I cannot ascertain. Donning his formal clothes and aided by a soldier of the artillery, the nuptials of Rizal and the woman who had been his lover were performed at the point of death (in articulo mortis)
• Fr. Vicente Balaguer is a Jesuit priest who claimed that he was able to convince Rizal to denounce Masonry and return to the Catholic fold
• In 1917, an affidavit executed that proves he was who solemnized the marriage of Jose Rizal and Josephine Bracken
• The marriage of José Rizal and Josephine Bracken is surrounded by controversy and varying accounts
• According to some sources, Rizal and Bracken were married in a religious ceremony on the morning of his execution on December 30, 1896, officiated by Father Vicente Balaguer
• Other sources said that earlier attempts to marry in Dapitan were thwarted by religious and bureaucratic obstacles
• Balaguer claimed that Rizal was initially resistant but gradually softened, especially when reminded of the Catholic doctrine that salvation was only possible within the Church
• According to Rizal, his rule of faith is the word of God that can be seen in the sacred scriptures
• Balaguer reported that after presenting two retraction templates, Rizal modified the wording to reflect his own views better
• The retraction was signed together with Rizal by Senor Fresno, Chief of the Picket and Senor Moure, Adjutant of Plaza
• Father Balaguer testified that on the very day of Rizal's death he wrote everything and preserved the account that serves as the data of presentation of his narration
• The final retraction document, which Rizal signed before midnight on December 29, 1896, declared his return to the Catholic faith and his denunciation of Masonry as contrary to Church teachings
• Fr. Pio Pi was the Jesuit Superior in the Philippines during the time when Rizal was executed
• In 1917, he issued an affidavit recounting his involvement in the alleged retraction of Rizal
• According to his account, a long discussion with Father Balaguer happened before Rizal willingly surrendered to turn back to Catholicism
• Rizal found certain objections with the first composition presented by Fr. Balaguer. According to Fr. Pio, Rizal rejected the long composition so that Fr. Balaguer had to dictate from the short composition of Fr. Pio
• When Rizal was satisfied with the composition presented by Fr. Balaguer made some little modifications to make it Rizal's own and spontaneous work, then wrote it with Rizal's hand and signed it
• Rafael Palma disputed the veracity of the document of the alleged retraction because it did not reflect Rizal's true character and beliefs
• The documents of retraction were kept secret so that no one except the authorities was able to see it that time
• When the family of Rizal asked for the original copy of the document as well as the certificate of canonical marriage with Josephine Bracken, both petitions were denied