imt

• Management


  A series of functions that directs group efforts towards achieving goals
• Organization


  A systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose
• Examples of organizations


  • Universities
  • Petronas
  • Football clubs
• Effectiveness


  The ability to do the right things
• Efficiency


  The ability to do things right
• "There is nothing quite so useless, as doing with great efficiency, something that should not be done at all."
• Levels of management


  • Top level
  • Middle level
  • Lower level or Supervisory
• Top level managers


  • Coordinate activities for the overall management
  • Develop goals, strategies and make decisions
  • Guide organization's interaction with its environment
• Middle level managers


  • Coordinate activities for their department
  • Set and implement activities that are consistent with the directives of top management
  • Plan activities and resources in their department
• Lower level/First-line managers


  • Coordinate activities and supervise operating employees
  • Directly responsible for the production of goods or services; arrange manpower work processes
  • Communicate worker's performance, problems and suggestions to higher level management
• Management skills


  • Conceptual skills
  • Human Relation skills
  • Technical skills
• Conceptual skills


  The ability to see an entire concept, analyse problems, formulate ideas and find solutions
• Human Relation skills


  The skills of managers to interact, work or relate with people
• Technical skills


  The skills of managers to use tools, procedures or techniques in a specialized area
• Management skills vs Levels of management

  Top level managers - Conceptual skill

  Middle level managers - Human Relation skill

  Lower level managers - Technical skill
• Roles of managers


  The function or part performed by a manager in fulfilling their duties
• Mintzberg's Managerial Roles


  • Interpersonal Roles
  • Informational Roles
  • Decisional Roles
• Interpersonal Roles


  • Figurehead
  • Leader
  • Liaison
• Informational Roles


  • Monitor
  • Disseminator
  • Spokesperson
• Decisional Roles


  • Entrepreneur
  • Resource Allocator
  • Disturbance handler
  • Negotiator
• Functions of management


  • Planning
  • Organizing
  • Leading
  • Controlling
• Organizational structures show the way in which an organization's activities are divided, organized and coordinated
• Span of management


  The number of subordinates who report directly to a particular manager
• Types of span of management

  • Wide span
  • Narrow span
• Wide span


  • A manager supervise a large group of employees

  Result in a flat organization structure
• Narrow span


  • A manager supervise a small group of employees

  Result in a tall organization structure
• Characteristics of wide vs narrow span

  Wide span: Less cost of supervision, faster communication and decision making, employee receive less guidance, suitable for repetitive/easier tasks

  Narrow span: Higher cost of supervision, slow communication and decision making, employee receive more guidance, suitable for complex/harder tasks