Separating mixtures

• A mixture consists of two or more elements and/or compounds, not chemically combined together.
• Chemical properties of each substance in a mixture remain unchanged.
• There are multiple physical processes for separating mixtures.
• Melting point data can be used to distinguish between pure substances and mixtures.
• Mixture - a material that contains two or more different substances that can be physically separated.
• Separate - In chemistry, to separate something is to extract and isolate a substance from a mixture.
• Property - a feature or characteristic of a substance that can be used to classify it or describe how it behaves.
• In Chemistry, what distinguishes a compund from an element?

  Compounds can be broken down into simpler chemicals.
• Order the states of matter from most to least freedom of movement.

  1- Gas 2- Liquid 3- Solid
• Which is only a characteristic of a chemical change (compared to a physical change)?

  Formation of a new substance.
• What defines an element in chemistry?

  a substance made of one type of atom.
• What property measures how much matter is in a substance?

  Mass.
• What property measures how much matter is in a substance?

  Mass.
• In chemistry, pure chemicals refer to substances that only contain one type of fundamental unit, like an atom or molecule.
• The melting point data of a substance can help distinguish a pure substance from a mixture.
• Separating a mixture:

  1. Identification of the components.
  2. Determining the best separation method.
  3. Applying a physical separation method.
  4. Collection of the separate components.
• In a mixture, the chemical properties of each substance remains unchanged.
• Rocks are mixtures of many minerals ,including useful metals.
• Seawater is mainly a mixture of salt and water, but also contains some gasses.
• Air is a mixture of several gasses, including oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and water vapour.
• Example of a mixture:

  
• Example of a mixture:

  
• A pure substance changes its state of matter at a definite temperature. For example pure water boils at exactly 100 degrees Celsius.

  
• Mixtures change state of matter over a range of temperatures.
• What would help someone decide if a sample is a pure substance or a mixture?

  The temperature at which it melts.
• Some mixtures are better known as formulations.
• Formulation - a designed mixture, with each component serving a specific purpose in the desired product.

  
• Some mixtures have been designed for a specific purpose. These mixtures are know as formulations. Much time, energy and money is spent ensuring components are added in the right proportions to achieve the most desired, most useful product.
• Sometimes substances can be mixed together but cannot be easily separated.
• Substances that are more dense than other components in a mixture will sink to the bottom.

  Others, that are less dense, will float towards the top of the mixture.

  
• Some components in a mixture may be soluble, while others are not.

  
• A change of state may be needed to fully isolate a component.

  This may require more careful consideration of the components properties in order to separate it in the first place, or to ensure it is completely isolated.