Spoken

• Alveolar is when the tongue is placed on the roof of the mouth behind the teeth.
• Behaviourists believe that children learn words and grammar through mimicking speech and receiving positive reinforcement. They learn linguistic skills through repetition and reinforcement.
• Bilabial is when both lips are used.
• Consonant cluster reduction is when the child removed consonant sounds from the word.
• Dental is when the tongue is on the teeth.
• Diminutive is the addition of a morpheme which makes the thing smaller or friendlier.
• Echoing is repeating what the child says.
• Expansion refers to repeating what the child said, but in a more sophisticated way.
• Expatiation refers to repeating was the child said but adding more information.
• Fatherese refers to the way that fathers speak to their child.
• Fricative is a push of air.
• The Interaction theory emphasises the importance of social interaction in promoting linguistic growth.
• Intonation is the rising and falling of the voice.
• Labiodental combines the lips and teeth.
• LAD stands for Language Acquisition Device. This refers to an inbuilt device which helps children to learn language.
• LASS stands for Language Acquisition Support System. This refers to the way that caregivers scaffold language to help children.
• Melodic utterances are utterances which have a sense of rhythm or intonation.
• MKO stands for the More Knowledgeable Other. This is a person who fills a child's ZPD.
• Morpheme refers to the smallest unit of meaning.
• Motherese refers to the way mothers speak to their children.
• Nativists believe that the human mind is pre-equipped with the abilities to learn language.
• Negative reinforcement refers to punishing behaviour in the hopes that it won't be repeated.
• Phonemic contraction refers to the baby only using phonemes from its own language.
• Phonemic expansion refers to the baby exploring the phonemes that it can produce.
• The phonic approach is used to help children read aloud.
• Plosives are a quick start and stop of air.
• Positive reinforcement refers to encouraging behaviour in the hopes that it will be repeating.
• Poverty of stimulus is when the caregivers provide a poor examine of language and it is insufficient.
• Reduplicated babbling is repeating the same sound.
• Reformulation is when the caregiver repeats what the child says, but in a different way.
• A schema is a knowledge structure.
• Inflections is modifying words to form different tenses or amounts.
• TH-fronting refers to pronouncing the 'th' at the start of words, as /f/.
• Turn taking is between a child and the caregiver.
• Universal grammar is the idea that every child has an understanding of grammar built into their brain.
• Variegated babbling refers to repeating different sounds.
• ZPD stands for Zone of Proximal Development and it is a gap of knowledge.
• Skinner argues that children learn language based on reinforcement principles by associating words with their value.
• Skinner is a behaviourist theorist.
• Chomsky created the LAD stands for Language Acquisition Device which is where humans have an inborn biological capacity for language.