5.9 Reconstruction

• Lincoln reconstruction:

  • emancipation proclamation made 13th Ammendment - 1865

  • Freedman's Bureau - ex-slaves given confiscated land

  • raised question if black Americans wanted citizenship

  • wnated to ensure South could not block black American citizenship
• Why did Andrew Jackson take over from Lincoln?

  shot dead in April 1865
• Jackson reconstruction:

  • pardoned thousands Confederate soldiers and slave holders - returned land including Sea Island

  • stopped Freedman's Bureau

  • allowed Confederate states to rejoin USA - vote against 13th

  • allowed southern states to re-establish their state government and bring in Black Codes (laws removing black rights)

  • little to stop the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) a white supremacist group set up in 1865
• Radical reconstruction:

  • 1886 - Freedman's Bureau re-established

  • Civil Rights Bill - laws protect rights of all black Americans

  • 14th Amendment - anyone born in USA a US citizen no matter colour skin

  • 1867 - ex-Confederate governments shut down, taken over by north

  -> those who fought Union banned from voting and military sent to protect black rights

  • 1868 - 14th Amendment became law

  • 1870 - 15th Amendment - black had right to vote
• What were northerners who moved to south to make money out of reconstruction called?

  carpetbaggers
• Reconstruction after 1870s:

  • in 1872 Freedman's Bureau shut down

  • many black Americans worked on plantation as sharecroppers

  • in 1873 Supreme Court - voting rights at state level up to state

  • in 1875 Supreme Court - not role of US government to stop black Americans being bullied ouy of voting booths

  • in 1877 US government withdrew soldiers stationed in south