IT

• Operating system


  A software that acts as an interface between computer hardware components and the user
• Every computer system must have at least one operating system to run other programs
• Applications


  Browsers, MS Office, Notepad, Games, etc. need an environment to run and perform its tasks
• Operating system


  Helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's language
• It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device without having an operating system
• History of OS


  1. Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage

  2. The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for their IBM 701

  3. In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks

  4. In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed

  5. The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS, built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-DOS software from a Seattle company

  6. The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI was created and paired with MS-DOS
• Types of Operating System (OS)

  • Batch Os
  • Multitasking/ Time Sharing OS
  • Multiprocessing OS
  • Real Time OS
  • Distributed OS
  • Network OS
  • Mobile OS
• Functions of Operating System

  • Process management
  • Memory management
  • File management
  • Device Management
  • I/O System Management
  • Secondary-Storage Management
  • Security
  • Command interpretation
  • Networking
  • Job accounting
  • Communication management
• Advantage of using Operating System

  • Allows you to hide details of hardware by creating an abstraction
  • Easy to use with a GUI
  • Offers an environment in which a user may execute programs/applications
  • The operating system must make sure that the computer system convenient to use
  • Operating System acts as an intermediary among applications and the hardware components
  • It provides the computer system resources with easy to use format
  • Acts as an intermediator between all hardware's and software's of the system
• Disadvantages of using Operating System

  • If any issue occurs in OS, you may lose all the contents which have been stored in your system
  • Operating system's software is quite expensive for small size organization which adds burden on them. Example Windows
  • It is never entirely secure as a threat can occur at any time
• Kernel


  The central component of a computer operating systems. The only job performed by the kernel is to the manage the communication between the software and the hardware.
• Features of Kernel


  • Low-level scheduling of processes
  • Inter-process communication
  • Process synchronization
  • Context switching
• Types of Kernels


  • Monolithic: A monolithic kernel is a single code or block of the program. It provides all the required services offered by the operating system. It is a simplistic design which creates a distinct communication layer between the hardware and software.
  • Microkernels: Microkernel manages all system resources. In this type of kernel, services are implemented in different address space. The user services are stored in user address space, and kernel services are stored under kernel address space. So, it helps to reduce the size of both the kernel and operating system.
• The kernel is the central component of a computer operating systems. The only job performed by the kernel is to manage the communication between the software and the hardware.
• Two most popular kernels are Monolithic and Microkernels
• An operating system is a software which acts as an interface between the end user and computer hardware
• Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
• There are five main types of operating systems likely what run your phone or computer
• Kernel address space


  Space where kernel services are stored
• Kernel address space


  Helps reduce the size of both the kernel and operating system
• Operating System


  A software which acts as an interface between the end user and computer hardware
• Operating systems were first developed to manage tape storage


  Late 1950s
• Kernel


  The central component of a computer operating system, its only job is to manage the communication between the software and the hardware
• Kernel types


  • Monolithic
  • Microkernel
• Popular operating system types

  • Microsoft Windows
  • Apple macOS
  • Google's Android OS
  • Apple iOS
  • Linux
• Microsoft Windows


  One of the popular operating system types, preloaded on most new PC hardware, has had several versions/updates over the years
• Microsoft Windows


  • Contains a control panel, a desktop and desktop assistant, disk cleanup, event viewer, and more
  • Many users prefer it because it is compatible with many other kinds of software
  • Many computer programs run best on it because they are developed by Microsoft
• Apple macOS


  A proprietary operating system designed and sold by Apple, runs on Apple and Macintosh computers
• Apple macOS


  • Fast processing speeds, a simple desktop interface, and a wide variety of helpful resources
  • Users relish the instant connection with their computers and mobile phone hardware, and enjoy the lack of bugs and hackers
• Google's Android OS


  The OS that Google uses to run its Android mobile smartphones and tablets, based on Linux distribution and other open source software
• Apple iOS


  A mobile operating system used exclusively for iPhones and iPads, has regular updates, new expansions to software, and continually offers new features to users
• Apple iOS


  • Unique user interface with touch gestures, and ease of use
  • Allows other Apple devices to connect, giving users easy connections to other devices or people
• Linux Operating System


  Different from Windows and Apple, it is not a proprietary software but rather a family of open source systems that anyone can modify and distribute
• Linux Operating System


  • Free and available in many different open source versions
  • Popular because of its ease to customize and offers a variety of options to those who understand how to utilize it
• Computer vs Mobile Operating Systems

  Computer systems have to store lots of complex data, have a different user interface, and be prepared for printing, removable disks, and more. They feature a desktop and a control panel for users to manage all of their information. Computer operating systems are also older and more familiar for the IT industry.

  Mobile phones don't feature a desktop like a computer, their user interface is much more about simple moves, things you can do with your fingers or voice, and a simple interface. There are many resources to help users learn how to operate mobile phone systems, as they're very different from computer systems.