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Sociology Paper 3
objectivity and values
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Cards (12)
objectivity
where the research doesn't involve opinion, bias, or prejudice, and is only based on
empirical
evidence
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Heisenberg principle
Simply observing an electron, causes them to
change speed
so
cannot
find the true speed. Therefore, you cannot be objective when observing
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Early
positivists
e.g.
Comt
Viewed sociology as a science and their job was to objectively
uncover
the
truth
about how society works.
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Weber
A value cannot be proven or disproven, therefore facts and values are
separate
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4 stages of the research process
1- values as a guide to research area
2- data
collection
and
hypothesis testing
(objective)
3- Values in the interpretation of data (choice of theoretical framework)
4- values as a
citizen
(research may cause harm so values must be considered in application of data)
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Modern Positivists
Argue their own values are
irrelevant
because they desire to appear
scientific
and they focus on the social position of sociology i.e. being hired
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Gouldner
A
value
free sociology is
impossible
and undesirable.
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Becker
Sociologists should adopt a stance taking the side of the
underdogs
because less is known about them and by taking no side, you automatically take the side of the
powerful
group.
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Funding
and
careers
funding bodies often control the direction of the
research
and sociologists may choose certain topics or censor themselves to further their
career.
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Relativism
Different people have
different
views as to what is
true
so there is no one objective truth.
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Postmodernism
Claiming a single
truth
is just a
meta-narrative.
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Disregarding values
We can still observe and record
facts
and then the data can be used to judge other theories. The values mater less than
explaining society.
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