Scouse and Georgian accent

• Scouse Accent

  The accent of the city of Liverpool and its immediate surroundings
• Consonant Changes in Scouse Accent

  • /k/ often sounds like [x] at the end of words
  • /t/ can sound like [θ] or [tθ], which may sound like [s] or [ts]
  • /p/ rarely sounds like a bilabial fricative [ɸ]
  • /d/ can change to a voiced slit fricative [ð] or affricate [dð]
  • /θ, ð/ may be pronounced as dental [t, d]
  • [ŋ] often followed by [g]
• Vowel Changes in Scouse Accent

  • Nurse-square merger: words like fur and fair sound the same, typically [e:]
  • Bath: uses [a] like cat, not the broad A
  • Put and putt: often pronounced the same
• Other Features of Scouse Accent

  • Nasal accent: vowels often pronounced through the nose
  • Silent 'h': words like house and horse sound like 'ouse' and 'orse'
  • Glottal stops: cuts off sound by closing the throat, making words shorter
• Geordie Accent

  The accent of the people of Newcastle
• Vowel Changes in Geordie Accent

  • [ʌ] to [u]: love [lʌv] becomes [luv]
  • Final [i] to [i:]: city ['siti] becomes ['siti:]
  • [a] to [æ]: dance, chance become [dæns], [ʧæns]
  • /u:/ in town, about: pronounced [tʊn], [əbʊt] instead of /aʊ/
  • "al" to [a:]: talk, call, all become [ta], [ka], [a]
  • [з:] to [ɔ:]: first [fɔ], shirt [sɔ]
  • [ai] to [εi]: right [rεit]
  • Final -er to /a/: brother sounds like brotha
  • "Wait, late, tape": long simple vowel /e:/ instead of a diphthong
• Consonant Changes in Geordie Accent

  • [l]: clear in all positions
  • [h]: present in all positions
  • -ing to [In]: shilling ['ʃ ilin]
  • [p, t, k]: glottalized at the end of syllables and sometimes at the beginning before a weak vowel
  • Final 'r': pronounced only if the next word starts with a vowel
  • Yod-coalescence: clusters [dj], [tj], [sj], [zj] turn into [dʒ], [tʃ], [ʃ], [ʒ]