biology topic 3 - infection and response

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what is a communicable disease and give examples ?
diseases that can spread - measles, HIV, rose black spot, salmonella
what are pathogens ?
microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease
what is bacteria ?
very small cells which can reproduce rapidly inside your body
what are the 4 types of pathogens ?
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists
what are protists ? 
single cell eukaryotes
how can pathogens be spreaded ?
water, air , direct contact
what do viruses do ?
they live and reproduce inside cells, causing cell damage
what do parasites do ?
they live on or inside other organisms causing damage
when a viruses reproduces and produces many copies what happens to the cell ?
the cell will burst, releasing all new viruses leading to illness
what can hyphae do ? fungi 
grow and penetrate human skin causing disease
what are the 3 viral diseases ?
malaria, measles and HIV
what is measles and how is it spreaded ?
a viral disease and it is spreaded by droplets of an infected person's sneeze or cough
what is HIV and how is it transmitted ?
a virus spread by sexual contact or by exchaning bodily fluids such as blood. this can happen when people share needles when taking drugs
what are infected people who have HIV given ?
anitiretroviral drugs which can slow the development of aids
what does HIV do to the cells ?
it attacks the immune cells
what is tobacco mosaic virus ?
a widespread plant pathogen affecting many species of plants including tomatoes and it causes discolouration in plants which affects the growth of plants due to lack of photosynthesis
what is rose black spot ?
a fungus that causes purple or black spots to develop in the leaves on rose plants - the leaves turn yellow and there will be less photosynthesis
what is malaria ?
a disease caused by a protist , mosiquitoes
what does the MMR vaccine contain ?
weakened versions of the viruses that cause measles , mumps and rubella all in one vaccine
what does HIV and AIDS stand for ?
human immunedeficiency virus 2. acquired immune deficiency syndrome
what are protists ?
a group of microorganisms that have features that belong to animals, plants and fungi
list the ways disease can be spread :
coughing , sneezing, STD , direct touch, contaminated water
what drugs are taken when you have malaria ?
anitmalarial drugs
what do mosquitoes do ?
they suck the blood containing the protists from an infected person. they pass the protists to other people they suck the blood from
what is salmonella ?
genus of bacteria that causes food poisoning
what can salmonella cause ?
abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrohea
where can salmonella be found in ?
unhygienic kitchens , contaminated food
how do prevent salmonella ?
all poultry should be vaccinated
what is a vector ?
any organism that can spread a disease
what is gonnorohea ?
a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteruim and it can be treated using antibiotics
what does gonnorohea cause ?
A burning pain when urinating and yellow, green discharge from an infected person's penis or vagina and if untreated can result to inferitlity
how can whiteblood cells help to defend against pathogens by ?
phagocytosis , anitbody and anittoxin production
name parts of the human defence system
skin, nose, trachea , bronchi or stomach
what does the immune system do ?
attacks the pathogens and uses white blood cells
what is a vaccine ?
an injection containing a dead or inactive pathogen
what do the pathogens do ?
carry antigens which cause your white blood cells to produce antibodies to attack them
what do our own white blood cells produce in response to these antigens ?
antibodies
what the pros of vaccines ?
have helped control lots of infectious diseases, eg measles, rubella big outbreak of diseases, epidermics can be prevented if everyone is vaccinated
what are the cons of vaccines ?
they don't always work and there could be side effects
what are painkillers ? 
drugs that relieve pain , reducing symptoms