Electricity

• voltmeter


  Measures voltage(potential difference) using volts(V)

  always drawn parallel to a component
• ammeter


  Measures current using amps(A)

  Always drawnin the loop
• Switch


  When open it breaks the circuit and stops the cuurent
• cell


  has one negative and one positive, has 1.5V
• Battery


  Multiple cells make one battery
• A series circuit is when all the components are in one loop
• Parallel circuit is when the components are in 2 or more loops
• Current is the flow of electrons per second
• The cell provides a push to make the current flow. If we add another cell the current will be pushed 2x as fast-
• High current- More electrons per second and the ammeter will show a higher number of amps.
• low current- less electrons per second and the ammeter will show a lower number of amps
• charge is another word for electrons
• Rules for current

  in a series circuit they are all the same

  A1=A2=A3=A4

  in a parallel circuit

  A1=A2+A3=A4
• advantages of a parallel over series

  if there is a break in a parallel circuit the rest of the branches still receive current

  when you turn one light only that light will turn on not every single one in the building
• Resistance


  the slowing down of current
• when the elctrons touch the atom it creates electrical friction which generates thermal energy. this gets converted to kinetic energy which makes the atoms vibrate, it becomes more difficult for the electron to flow and slow down. This is resistance.
• if a lamp breaks in a series circuit the flow of current will stop
• charge is measured in coulombs(C)
• Potential diffrence=amount of energy transferred per coulomb of charge
• 1 joule transferred per coulomb= 1V
• 4 joules transffered by 2 coulombs =2v
• Rules for voltage

  in a series circuit the total voltage from the cell is split amoungst the components V1(from the cell)=V2+V3+V4

  in a parralel circuit they are all the same V1+v2=V3=V4