Respiration

• What is aerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?

  Respiration WITH oxygen in mitochondria
• What is anaerobic respiration and where does it occur in cells?

  Respiration WITHOUT oxygen, in cytoplasm.
• Is respiration endo or exothermic?

  Exothermic
• Why do organisms need to perform respiration?

  To release energy
• What do organisms need energy for?

  Movement

  Keeping warm

  Chemical reactions to build larger molecules
• Chemical formula for glucose


  C6H12O6
• Balanced equation for aerobic respiration


  C6H12O6 + 6O2 -} 6CO2 + 6H2O
• Word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells


  Glucose -} lactic acid
• Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells


  Glucose -} ethanol + carbon dioxide
• What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?


  Fementation
• Is more or less energy transferred in anaerobic respiration compared to aerobic respiration, and why?

  Less, due to incomplete oxidation of glucose.
• 2 consumable products humans use fementation to produce?

  Bread

  Alcholic drinks
• 3 physical ways the human body reacts to an increased demand for energy during exercise

  Increased heart rate

  Increased breathing rate

  Increased breath volume
• Why do heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise?

  To increase the oxygenation of the blood and to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood for respiration, so they can release more energy for muscle contraction
• If there is insufficient oxygen during exercise, what type of respiration takes place?


  Anaerobic
• Build up of lactic acid causes what in muscles?


  Fatigue
• What does muscle fatigue cause?

  Inefficient contarcting of muscles
• Oxygen debt


  The amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.
• where is lactic acid converted back into glucose?


  Liver
• How is lactic acid transported to the liver?


  Bloodstreams
• Metabolism


  Sum of all reactions in a cell or the body
• What is the energy from respiration used for in cells?

  The enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules.
• 3 metabolic reactions 


  Conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and celluose.

  Breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion.

  Respiration