chem mod 1 reviewer (basics)

• Golden Age of Philosophy was from 600 BC to 400 BC
• Age of Atomism was from 440 BC to 420 BC
• The smallest particle is an atom
• Robert Boyle was an English Chemist who formulated the law relating to volume and pressure
• Robert Boyle was the author of The Sceptical Chymist, which was published in 1661
• The Modern Age of Chemistry began in 1661
• Antoine Lavoisier is the Father of Modern Chemistry
• The Phlogiston Theory is now known as the Theory of Combustion
• In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier explained the water was a product of the combination of Hydrogen and Oxygen
• John Dalton developed the Atomic theory
• Henry Cavendish discovered Hydrogen
• Organic Chemistry is the study of the structure and properties of carbon compounds.
• Inorganic Chemistry is the study of chemical elements and their compounds except carbon
• Physical Chemistry is the study of the physical properties of substances and chemical formations and their changes.
• Biochemistry is the fusion of Biology and Chemistry and is concerned with the composition and chemical reactions that occur in living organisms.
• Analytical Chemistry deals mostly with the composition of substances. It seeks to improve the means of measuring the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials. This is the basis for clinical laboratory tests for disease diagnosis in medicine.
• The Scientific Method is a systematic way of problem-solving used by scientists.
• Serendipity is discoveries that occur by luck or by accident
• Hypothesis is an educated guess
• Chemistry is an experimental and a quantitative science. The development of its principles is based on carefully designed experiments carried out under controlled conditions.
• The scientific system of measurement is called the metric system.
• Fundamental Quantities are quantities that can be measured directly using measuring devices.
• Mass (m) is the measure of the amount of matter an object contains.
• kg stands for kilogram
• Time is the regular interval between two successive points.
• Length is the distance between any two points.
• Temperature is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object.
• 1 gallon is equal to 3.79 liters
• The SI unit for temperature is kelvin (K)
• 1 Liter, L = 1000 cubic centimeter, cc
• K = °C + 273
• °C = [(°F - 32) / 1.8]
• °F = [(°C x 1.8) + 32]
• Significant figures is the number of digits or figures that best represents the value of a measurement.
• Accuracy is a degree of agreement between a measured value and the true value.
• A theory, based on many observations, is the most logical explanation of why things work.
• Scientific Notation is a compact, simple and easy way of writing down very small and very large numbers using powers of ten.