MODULE 1: Modals

• Modal verbs - Are used to express permission, prohibition and obligation or no obligation. Also, these verbs give additional info. about the function of the main verb that follows it.
• Can, could and may are modal verbs used to express permission
• Can - Most often used to ask for or give permission. It is use to say that someone has permission to do something.
• Could - This is also used to ask permission (but not to give it) and it is more formal and polite than can. We can also use this modal verb to say that someone was allowed to do something in the past.
• May - is the most formal way to ask for and permission.
• Can't, couldn't and may not are modal verbs used to express prohibition
• Can't - Used to show inability. It is like you are saying you do not have the ability because of the rules.
• May not - The formal way to prohibit something.
• Must not - This modal verb is known to be the strongest way to prohibit something, or make a rule against something. ( The speaker is making the rule )
• Two examples of Modal Verbs of Obligations: Have to and must
• Complete the table below:

  A) must have

  B) must not have

  
• Complete the table below: Modal verb "Have to"

  A) has had to

  B) have had to

  C) had to

  D) will have to

  E) has had not to

  F) have had not to

  G) did not have to

  H) will not have to

  I) has been having to

  J) have been having to

  K) was having to

  L) were having to

  M) will be having to

  
• Recommendation or moral obligation - should and ought to
• PERMISSION

  Choose the correct answer from the choices given. Write your answer on your paper. can – could may –might

  1. You may put your shoes and coat over there.
  2. Can we have something to drink? We are thirsty.
  3. Students may register for online classes beginning next week.
  4. We can go to any shop in the mall we wanted to.
  5. Ace can go with you.
  6. Can I leave early?
  7. Can I use your restroom, please?
  8. Could I try this coat on?
  9. You can leave work now, I’ve got it covered.
  10. You can go as soon as you have finished your exam.
• PROHIBITION

  Fill in the following blanks with appropriate modals. Write your answer on your paper. -cannot- must not

  1. You cannot use your phone in a bus.
  2. You must not smoke in the office.
  3. Did they tell you that you cannot come into this area. It’s restricted to staff only.
  4. Children under ten must not use the pool without adult supervision.
  5. You must not eat anymore chocolate.
  6. You cannot take a mobile phone into the examination room.
  7. I’m afraid you must not take the exam until you pay your remaining tuition fee.
  8. You cannot bring your pet inside the mall.
• Do the activity given below:

  A) must

  B) have to

  C) have to

  D) must

  E) must

  F) has to

  G) must

  H) must

  I) must

  J) must