Studies

• Shallice and Warringto- KF

  • brain damage cause problems with stm
  • hard to recognise spoken numbers,
  • letters and words and significant sounds
  • phonological loop was affected
  • supports diff types of stm
• Word length Effect

  • Gave people short words and long words
  • they could remember fewer longer words than short words
  • capacity of the phonological store is around 2 Sec
• Baddley and hitch- dual task

  • investigate the components of the stm
  • participants asked to complete two tasks at the same time
  • track a spot of light whilst singing happy birthday( visiospatial sketchpad and phonological loop)
  • track a spot of light whilst visually imaging the letter F
• Baddley encoding stm

  • explore effects of acoustic and semantic similar words
  • Stm relies more on acoustic than the meaning
  • 75% of AD words were recalled
  • 56% of AS words were recalled
• Bahrick- duration of LTM

  • asked to recall the peers in their graduating class
  • 90% could recall face and name recog in 34 years
  • 80% for name recog after 48 years
  • 40 % for face recog after 48 years
  • concludes the LTM has a duration of a lifetime
• Clive wearing

  • suffered infection that affected areas related to memory
  • could read write and play the piano could not learn new music
  • lost all memory apart from procedural
  • demonstrates diff types of LTM
• Tulving- brain scans

  • revealed where diff types of the LTM are processed and stored
  • supports the idea that there are diff stores
• Adorno et al

  • investigated the authoritarian personality
  • create the 'f scale' that determines how racist an individual is
  • 2000 middle age caucasian men

  -disrespect the weak and look at themselves as a 'strong' person

  -excessive respect too those in higher power

  -strong correlation between prejudice and authoritarian

  • 'no grey areas' and not flexible
  • extreme submissiveness to those of authority figure and higher in society
• moscovici

  • see if consistent minority can influence a majority
  • colour perception, asked to say the colour on the paper out loud
  • 2 confederates , said slides were green the whole time
  • agreed on 8.42% of trials but in the inconsistent 1.25%.
• Nemeth

  • investigate flexibility of minority influence
  • group had to agree on the amount of compensation a person in a ski-lift accident got
  • 12 confederate, when group offers lower compensation they offered slightly higher
  • majority more likely to compromise and chance there opinion
• Loftus and Palmer

  • investigate effect of leading questions
  • group asked how fast a car was going in a car crash using synonyms e.g. collided, smashed,bumped
  • the estimated speed was effected by the verb they used
  • accuracy of eyewitness testimony is affected by leading questions and that a single word has a large impact
• geiselman et al

  • effectiveness of a cognitive interview
  • sample shown a video if a crime and 2 days later were interviewed with using police to a cognitive
  • this who were cognitive interviewed recalled significantly more info about the video
  • number of errors by Bothe groups tho