Y8 Science Space 🌕🛰️

• Objects in Space:

  8 planets

  moons

  asteroids

  comets

  gas

  dust

  sun

  stars
• Dwarf planets:

  pluto

  eris

  haumea

  ceres

  makemake
• Planets:

  Mercury

  Venus

  Earth

  Mars

  Jupiter

  Saturn

  Uranus

  Neptune
• New Moon


  The side of the moon facing the Earth is not illuminated by the sun.
• Waxing Crescent


  The moon appears to be growing larger as it moves away from the sun.
• Solar Eclipse


  The moon passes between the Earth and the sun, blocking the sun's light.
• Full Moon


  The entire face of the moon is illuminated by the sun.
• Last Quarter


  The left half of the moon is illuminated by the sun.
• Waning Crescent


  The moon appears to be shrinking as it approaches new moon.
• First Quarter: Halfway between the new moon and the full moon.
• Waxing gibbous: Between a half moon and full moon. Waxing means it is getting bigger.
• Waning gibbous: Between a full moon and a half moon. Waning means it is getting smaller.
• Third quarter: When the opposite half of the Moon is illuminated compared to the First Quarter.
• Life cycle of a star:

  1)nebula

  2)protostar

  3)star

  4)red giant

  5)planetary nebula

  6)white dwarf

  7)black dwarf
• Red giant: hydrogen fuel runs out

  core contracts due to gravity and outer layers are shed
• White dwarf: when outer layers are shed, the hot, white core remains
• Black dwarf: A white dwarf that has burnt out completely.
• Cause of seasons: The tilt of the Earth's axis (23.5 degree angle)
• Satellite: A body/object that orbits a larger body; stays in orbit due to gravitational force
• Satellite types:

  natural (eg. the moon)

  artificial (eg. weather)
• Artificial satellite orbit: equatorial and polar
• Uses for polar orbit:

  images of the earth's surface

  military use (spying)

  monitoring weather
• Uses for geostationary orbit:

  navigation

  broadcasting

  weather forecasting
• Types of eclipse: Solar and Lunar
• Lunar Eclipse: When the Earth passes between Sun and Moon, casting shadow on Moon
• Total lunar eclipse: When the whole of Moon is covered by umbra
• Solar Eclipse: When the Moon passes between Earth and Sun, casting shadow on Earth
• Total solar eclipse: When the completely covers sun
• Phases of the moon in order:

  
• What causes day and night?

  The Earth rotating on its axis