Textiles y8 eoy

• Finite


  Non renewable materials that are in limited supply and cannot be regrown or replaced

  Eg. Petrochemicals, sand, metals
• Non-finite


  Renewable materials that are can be regrown or replaced

  Eg. Trees, plants, animals
• Natural textiles


  Come from either animal or vegetable (plant) sources

  Animal fibres (eg. wool and silk) are spun to create yarn for fabrics

  Plant/vegetable sources (eg. cotton, bamboo) are used in the production of many common fabrics.
• Staple fibres


  Short fibres , mostly from natural resources
• Cotton


  Non-finite

  - soft, strong, absorbent, washes easily, slow to dry, breathable, thermal properties

  - used in shirts, t-shirts, underwear, socks, towel, bedsheets
• Wool


  Non finite

  Commonly sourced from sheep fleece

  - create resistant

  - absorbent, dries well, thermal properties

  - naturally crease resistant and absorbs dyes successfully
• Silk


  Non finite

  Natural, raw fibre sourced from the cocoon of the larvae of a silkworm

  - soft and luxurious, shimmering appearance, retains shape, lightweight, breathable, thermal properties
• Synthetic fabrics


  Made using chemicals produced from crude oil called petrochemicals

  Eg. polyester, polyamide (nylon), acrylic, elastane (lycra)

  Synthetic fibres are usually long and smooth (filament fibres)
• Petrochemicals


  a chemical made or derived from petroleum or natural gas
• Recycled Polyester


  Made by melting down existing plastic and respinning it into a new polyester fibre

  Commonly made from single use plastic bottles
• Stella McCartney


  A high profile fashion designer who has championed sustainability and the use of recycled polyester within her designer clothing brand
• Stretchy materials


  Elastane, Spandex and Lycra are synthetic fibres used when elasticity is required

  - spun from other textiles to give form fitting properties

  - lightweight, water resistant, quick-drying
• Regenerated fibres


  Made from wood pulp (cellulose)

  - commonly used are viscose, tencel and acetate
• Viscose


  Non finite

  Made of cellulose

  - soft and comfortable, thermal properties, absorbent, strong, shrinks in washing, drapes well

  - used in dresses, shirts, bedsheets
• Blended fibres


  A method used to combine or alter the properties of a material

  Eg. Increase durability, decrease weight, waterproof
• Polycotton


  Both non finite and finite

  A fabric made from a blend of polyester and cotton

  - lightweight, soft and moisture absorbing (hydrophilic), durable, wrinkle resistant, fade resistant

  - used for bedsheets, pillow cases and a range of clothing
• Polyester


  Finite

  - hard wearing, strong, non absorbent, quick drying, washes well, easily blended, dyes well

  - used in active sportswear, school bags, carpets
• woven textiles


  Textiles created on a loom made of many threads woven on a warp (vertical thread) and a weft (horizontal thread). Selvedges are self-finished edges used to stop the fabric from fraying

  eg. Plain weave and Twill weave
• Sustainable


  Capable of being sustained/ Capable of being continued with minimal long-term effect on the environment
• Recycle


  To take an existing product that has become waste and reprocess the material into a new product
• Reuse


  To take an existing product that has become waste and use the material/parts for another purpose without processing it
• Reduce


  To lower the amount of materials used, energy used to make it, distance travelled for the product to be sold
• Rethink


  To consider whether the process of making a product or the product itself is necessary/helpful (eg. environmental factors)
• Repair


  To fix products rather than discard them when they break/stop working
• Refuse


  To not use a material/buy a product if it is not needed/not sustainable
• Block printing


  Process of printing patterns by means of engraved objects (usually wooden blocks) and ink

  
• Stencil printing


  Process of printing patterns by applying ink/paint over cut out holes of a material onto a surface

  
• Screen printing


  Process of printing patterns by forcing ink onto a surface through use of a fine material

  
• Sublimation printing


  Process of printing patterns by transferring a design onto material/fabric using ink and heat

  
• Digital printing


  Process of printing patterns by printing digital-based images directly onto a chosen surface

  
• Rotary screen printing


  Process of printing patterns using a continuous method in which a cylindrical screen applies a colourant made from pigment/dye

  
• Single motif repeat


  One motif
• Scatter repeat


  Motifs scattered randomly throughout the product
• Block repeat


  All motifs are alligned

  
• Brick repeat


  Like block printing, but every other horizontal line drops halfway sideways to the first motif next to it

  
• Half drop repeat


  Like block printing, but every other vertical line drops halfway down the first motif next to it

  
• CAD/CAM


  Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing