ATP

• What is ATP?

  A soluble, energy-carrying molecule that provides a short term store of chemical energy for processes inside living cells.
• What does the nucleotide adenosine triphosphate contain?

  Adenine, ribose, and 3 inorganic phosphate groups.
• What is ATP hydrolysed to?

  Adenosine diphosphate and an inorganic phosphate group (Pi).
• What is ATP hydrolysed to ADP by?

  The enzyme ATP hydrolase.
• What is ATP called?

  Adenosine triphosphate.
• What is ATP structurally similar to?

  The nucleotides that make up DNA and RNA.
• What does the nucleotide adenosine monophosphate contain?

  Adenosine, a ribose sugar, and one inorganic phosphate group.
• What does the nucleotide adenosine diphosphate contain?

  Adenosine, a ribose sugar, and two inorganic phosphate groups.
• What is transferred to ATP?

  The energy released during the respiration.
• How does ATP store energy?

  The phosphate bonds are unstable and have a low activation energy and so are easily broken, resulting in a release in energy.
• What is the equation for the hydrolysis of ATP?

  Adenosine triphosphate + water -> adenosine diphosphate + inorganic phosphate + energy.
• How is ATP synthesised?

  Energy is used to add an inorganic phosphate group to ADP to re-form ATP.
• What is the synthesis of ATP catalysed by?

  The enzyme ATP synthase.
• What reaction is ATP synthesis and why?

  A condensation reaction as water is removed.
• What three ways does the synthesis of ATP occur?

  During photosynthesis, during respiration, and when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP in phosphorylation.
• What kind of energy source is ATP?

  An immediate energy source.
• How is ATP being an immediate energy source not a problem?

  As it can be rapidly re-formed fromADP and an inorganic phosphate group.
• Why is ATP a better immediate energy source than glucose?

  Each ATP molecule releases smaller, manageable quantities of energy than each glucose molecules, and the hydrolysis of ATP is a single immediate reaction unlike glucose.
• Why can't ATP be stored?

  Due to the instability of the phosphate bonds.
• What cells possess many large mitochondria?

  Muscle fibres and epithelial of the small intestine.
• Where is ATP synthesised?

  IN the mitochondria of cells.
• What energy-requiring processes is ATP used in?

  Metabolic processes, movement, active transport, secretion, and activation of molecules.