Tripple

• What do you add to test for Sulfate ions?

  • add barium chloride
  • forms a white precipitate
• what do you add to test for carbonate ions?

  • add dilute acid
  • produces carbon dioxide
• what do you do to test for hallide ions?

  • add silver nitrate
  • produce silver hallide
  • silver chloride = white
  • silver bromide = cream
  • silver iodide = yellow
• how do you test for metal ions (cations)

  • add sodium hydroxide
  • Formosa precipitate
  • calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 = white
  • copper hydroxide Cu(OH)2 = blue
  • iron hydroxide Fe(OH)2 = green
  • iron hydroxide Fe(OH)3 = brown
  • aluminium hydroxide Al(OH)3 = white
• what do. do to distinguish between Ca(OH)2 and Al(OH)3?

  • add excess sodium hydroxide
  • Al(OH)3 will re-dissolve
• how do you test for ammonium?

  • add sodium hydroxide
  • to confirm ammonium is produced, damp red litmus paper turns blue
• what is the functional group of a moHomer containing two carboxylate acids?

  • COOH
• what is the functional group of a monomer containing two alcohols?

  • OH
• what are addition polymers made from?

  • unsaturated molecules
• what functional group do alkenes have?

  • C--C (double bond)
• are alkenes saturated or unsaturated molecules?

  • unsaturated
• what are some problems with the disposal of polymers?

  • they don’t biodegrade
  • burnin them releases toxic gases
• what are some problems with recycling polymers?

  • they must be separated
  • the strength decreases each time the polymer is recycled
• alcohols

  • alcohols can be dehydrated to form alkenes
  • they can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids
  • they have a functional group of OH