Rise of the Export Crop Economy

• Development

  After the Galleon Trade ended, the Philippines developed an export-oriented economy between 1820 and 1870. Key products included Manila hemp, coffee, and sugar.
• Impact

  These exports provided economic opportunities for Chinese migrants and integrated the Philippines more into the global economy.
• Impact on Rizal

  The rise of the export crop economy during Rizal’s time created a more diverse economic base. Rizal’s family benefited from this economic environment, which provided them with the means to support his education. Rizal’s awareness of the economic exploitation of Filipino farmers fueled his advocacy for social and economic reforms.
• Impact on Filipinos

  The shift to an export-oriented economy provided new economic opportunities but also led to exploitation and social inequalities. The increased presence of Chinese migrants and their economic influence further complicated the social dynamics, contributing to economic grievances that would later fuel the independence movement.