HUM1

• Humanities


  Came from the word Humanus which means to be truly human
• Humanities (in Latin)


  Means to show qualities of rationality, kindness and tenderness
• To be truly human


  To be culturally enhanced and refined
• Culture (from Latin Cultus-Colere)


  Means to cultivate, to develop
• Culture


  The general way of life of human society, including ways of thinking, beliefs, customs, language, art and traditions
• To be "cultured"


  To be civilized and literate, to possess a refined sensibility attuned to the "superior" values of the "good life" and the "best" that has been thought and said and rendered in "artistic" form
• Why study Humanities


  • It provides us with the opportunity to examine what it takes and what means to be human
  • It helps us recognize fundamental values and principles such as beauty, truth, love, justice and faith
  • It develops our capacity for critical thinking and appreciation for cultural heritage as reflected in different Filipino works of art
  • It helps us see the interconnectedness of all areas of knowledge - how they affect and complement one another
  • It introduces us to people whom we have never met, places we have never visited, and ideas that never crossed our minds
  • It fosters understanding across barriers of race, class, gender and ethnicity
  • It helps us conceptualize a global perspective by studying cultures and tradition through the artworks all over the world
  • It supports and strengthens the local arts community by learning to appraise the value of creativity
  • It helps us to address the challenges we face together in our families, our communities, and our nation
  • It emphasizes the dignity and worth of every human being
• Fundamental principles of Humanities

  • Its main goal is the development of human virtue, in all its form, to all its fullest
  • It does not aim to remake humanity rather reform social order by understanding what is basically inalienably human
  • It regards man as its central character along with his aesthetic, limitless potentials which can be used as tools in transforming society
• Art (from Latin ars)


  A craft or specialized form of skill, like carpentry or smithying or surgery
• Ars (in Medieval Latin)


  Any special form of book learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology
• Fine arts


  Beautiful arts
• Creativity in art


  What sets apart one artwork from another
• When can we say something is creative

  • When we have not seen anything like it
  • When it is out of the ordinary
  • When it is not just a copy or imitation of someone's work
• Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand. - Albert Einstein
• Art as expression


  What an artist does to an emotion is not to induce it but to express it. Through expression, he is able to explore his own emotions, and at the same time, create something beautiful out of them. - Robin George Collingwood
• Art (in its broadest sense)


  A form of communication. It means whatever the artist intends it to mean, and this meaning is shaped by the materials, techniques, and forms it makes use of, as well as the ideas and feelings it creates in its viewers. Art is an act of expressing feelings, thoughts, and observations.
• Assumptions of Art


  • Art is Universal
  • Art is Timeless
  • Art is Cultural
  • Art is not Nature
  • Art involves experience
• Characteristics of Experience


  • The experience of art is personal and individual
  • Every artistic experience is accompanied by some emotion, emotional reaction
• Art as expression, a form of creation


  Art is an expression – An expression of feeling, belief, and character. Art continuously strives to establish an understanding of the unknown, to name the unnamed, to mark the ordinary. And to dignify our existence.
• Art Appreciation


  The knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identify all great art. The more you appreciate and understand the art of different eras, movements, styles and techniques, the better you can develop, evaluate and improve your own artwork.
• Where does beauty lie?

  • Beauty is out there; it is objective. It is a primary quality that resides in the object.
  • Beauty is not there. It is a secondary quality that resides in the perceiver.
  • Beauty is neither primary nor secondary. It is tertiary in nature. It depends on the appropriate situational perspective.
• How do we form good standards for art appreciation and judgment?

  • Successive EXPERIENCES reveal to us insights of beauty and the meaning of art.
  • Through critical study of the properties of beauty: order, proportion, clarity, unity, balance, dominance.
  • Through the general consensus of experts.
  • The final arbiter in the judgment of the works of art is TIME. Good art lasts long, if not immortal. Bad art is ephemeral and transitory.
  • Get rid of our prejudices and personal sentiments.
• Forms of Art


  • Visual Arts
  • Literature and Combined Arts
  • Performing Arts (Music and Dance)
  • Applied Arts (Fashion and Furniture)
• Division of Arts


  • Space Arts - Visual arts
  • Time Arts - Auditory arts
• Functions and philosophical perspective of art

  • The agent of art is Man for expression is an integral part of being human
  • When his expression is for appreciation sake, it is Art; and when his expression is geared toward utilization, then it is Craft
  • Many oftentimes combine art and craft and this is called functional art
• Why is Art Important?


  • Every particular substance in the world has an end, or telos in Greek, which translates to purpose "every substance, defined as formed matter, moves according to a fixed path towards its aim." - Aristotle
• Functions of Art


  • Personal Function - These are varied and highly subjective. Functions depend on the artists who created the art. An artist may create art out of self expression, entertainment, or therapeutic.
  • Social Function - Art is considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to a personal interest. Art may convey a message or protest, contestation, or whatever message the artist intends his work to carry.
  • Physical Function - These can be found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some physical purpose. Architecture, jewelry-making and interior design all serve physical functions.
• Other Functions of Art

  • Music - was principally used for dance and religion. The ancient world saw music as an instrument to facilitate worship and invocations to the gods. Music was essential for the synchronicity of dancers. Music guarantees that warriors were simultaneous. Today, music has expanded its functions. There is a lot of music that has no connections to dance or religion. Music is also used as an accompaniment to stage plays and motion pictures.
  • Sculptures - have been made by man most particularly for religion. In the Roman Catholic world, the employment of sculptures for religious purposes has remained vital, relevant, and symbolic.
  • Architecture - may be the most prominent functional art. It is also in architecture that one can find an intimate connection between function and form.
• Philosophical Perspective on Art

  • Art as an Imitation - Plato explains a picture of artists as imitators and arts as mere imitations. He advises against inclusion of art as a subject in the curriculum and banning artists.
  • Art as a Representation - Aristotle conceived of art as representing possible versions of reality. For Aristotle, all kinds of art do not aim to represent reality as it is, they endeavor to provide a version of what might be or the myriad possibilities of reality.
  • Art as a Disinterested Judgment - Immanuel Kant considered the judgment of beauty, the cornerstone of art, as something that can be universal despite its subjectivity.
  • Art as a Communication of Emotion - Leo Tolstoy believes art plays a huge role in communication to its audience's emotions that the artist previously experienced.
• Other views on Art

  • Oscar Wilde: It is life that imitates art
  • Henri-Louis Bergson: It is not reason that enables us to imitate; art is not imitation; art is made from intuition(immediate sensation and intense feeling)
  • G.E. Moore: Art is both imitation and intuition
  • Sigmund Freud: Art is a wish-fulfillment; an excellent work of art results from frustration
  • Jose Ortega Y Gaset: Art is a form of escape; escape from negative elements
  • Benedetto Croce: Art is merely an expression regardless if it is understood or not
  • Albert Camus: Art is rebellion
  • John Dewey: Art is not limited in the gallery and museum
  • Dante Leoncini: When man beautifies himself, he becomes a human art
  • Margarette Macdonalds: Art is esoteric. It is mysterious. It is indefinable. It is transintelligible. It is only describable
• Hierarchy of Arts


  • Immanuel Kant: Music is the lowest of all arts because it gives only sensible pleasure.
  • Arthur Schopenhauer: Music is the greatest because it is capable of freeing man from his fears and desires, from his anger and despair, and from other passions and anxieties.
  • Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Poetry has the best qualities like immediate perception, creative imagination, development of thoughts and events.
  • Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz: The fusion of poetry and music is the highest art
• Subject (in art)


  The main idea that is represented in the artwork. It is the essence of the piece.
• Types of Subject


  • Representational Art - These types of art have subjects that refer to objects or events occurring in the real world.
  • Non-Representational Art - Art forms that do not make a reference to the real word, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event.
• Not all arts have subjects. Those arts without subject are called "nonobjective"; they do not represent anything. They are what they are without reference to anything in the natural world.
• Looking at the combination of lines, shapes and colors of the sculpture will point to the head of a woman. Even with the abstraction of the image, this work is arguably a representational art.
• If you really ask in a plain way what can be sources of art in subjects
• Nonobjective art


  Art that does not represent anything in the natural world, they are what they are without reference to anything in the natural world
• Types of Subject


  • Representational Art
  • Non-Representational Art
• Representational Art


  • Art that has subjects that refer to objects or events occurring in the real world
  • Also termed Figurative art because the figures depicted are easy to make out and decipher

  
• Non-Representational Art


  • Art forms that do not make a reference to the real word, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event
  • It is stripped down to visual elements, such as shapes, lines and colors that are employed to translate a particular feeling, emotion and concept