9.5

• Random Sampling - A sampling method where a sampling device is placed using a table or a dice roll.
• Systematic Sampling - A sampling method where sampling devices are placed along a pre determined line or gird, usually a transect. It is used to check how the species change along a gradient in the enviorment.
• Quadrat - A Frame of known area placed on a part of a site to be sampled.
• Transect - A Sampling method where sampling devices are layed out along a line already placed across a area. A transect is systematic sampling.
• Pitfall Traps

  Are used to sample non sedimentry organisims such as insects. Consists of a jar sunken in the soil that may be covered depending on the likleyhood of rain. Can be used both randomly or systematically.
• Pooter

  Used to sample non sedimentry organisims such as insects. Consists of a small container with two tube that involves the sampler to suck on the tube to bring the organisim into the container. The sucking line cosists of a mesh to prevent the insect from being swallowed. It is often used to transport organisims from traps to a laboratory
• Quadrat Advantage

  • Quick
  • Inexpensive
  • Portable
• Quadrat Disadvantage

  • Not always acurate
  • Unless many quatrats are placed samples can be biased
• Transects Advantages

  • Quick
  • Inexpensive
  • Portable
• Transects Disadvantage

  • Often used in inapropriate situations
• Pitfall Traps - Advantage

  • Inexpensive
  • Easy to set up and use
• Pitfall traps - Disadvantage

  • Often kills organisims that are captured
  • May oversample or undersample
  • IF two competing species were in a pitfall trap together, they may kill eachother
• Sustainable Forestry - Selective Logging

  Removal of only mature trees of valuable species. Other species or immature species are left, allowing the forest to repair over time
• Sustainable Forestry - Agroforestry

  Land management system where crops are grown close to trees or around them. Trees enrich the soil around the plants and bind soil together with their roots.
• National Parks

  Are areas of land protected by the government to preserve entire ecosystems. National parks also include laws that are enforced by wardens that limit or prevent hunting or logging. Punishments for breaking these laws can include fines or even imprisonment
• Seed banks

  Seed banks store seed to preserve genetic diversity when it is not possible to preserve areas around where endangered plants live.
• Role of captive breeding + Zoos

  Provide education about the ilegal trade of animals and product and the need to preserve biodiversity. Captive breeding programes aim to increase a certains species number to reduce the risk of extinction and aim to rerelease animals into the wild after.
• Wildlife Corridor

  A like of wildlife habitat with native vegitation that join two or more large areas of similar wildlife habitat. These are critical for maintaining ecological processes such as movememnt of animals