biology aqa higher

• What is the digestive system?

  The digestive system is a group of organs that work together to break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.
• What are carbohydrates?


  Units of sugar
• What are simple sugars?

  Carbohydrates that contain only one or two sugar units
• What are complex Carbohydrates?


  Long chains of simple sugars bonded together
• What are lipids?


  3 molecules of fatty acids bonded to glycerol.
• What are proteins?


  macromolecules made up of amino acids that perform a wide range of functions in the body, including providing structure, facilitating chemical reactions, and serving as signaling molecules.
• What do catalysts increase the rate of?

  Chemical reactions
• What are enzymes?


  Biological catalysts
• Are enzymes proteins?


  Yes
• What is a substrate?

  a substance or material that undergoes a chemical reaction or is acted upon by an enzyme in a biological process. It is typically the reactant or the molecule upon which an enzyme acts upon to catalyze a specific reaction. It binds to the active site.
• what is metabolism?


  Metabolism is the process by which the body converts food and drink into energy.
• What affects enzyme activity?

  Temperature and pH
• What does high temperature do to enzymes?

  Denature
• What does pH affect enzymes?

  Shape of active sites and make it work very efficiently or stop.
• How are digestive enzymes produced?

  Produced by glands.
• What are carbohydrases?


  Enzymes that break down carbohydrates.
• What are proteases?


  Enzymes that break down proteins.
• What are lipases?


  Enzymes that breakdown lipids
• What condition do protease enzymes work best in?

  Acidic conditions
• What conditions do enzymes made in the pancreas and small intestine work best in?

  Alkaline conditions
• Where is bile produced?

  Liver
• Where is bile stored?

  Gallbladder
• Where is bile released from?

  Bile duct