manipulated teachers' expectations about pupils by giving them misleading information about the pupils' abilities in order to discover what effects that had on the children's achievements.
Actor tests and correspondence tests:
Brown and Gay: sent a white actor and a black actors for interviews for the same posts, to see which one would be offered the job.
Actors tests and correspondence tests:
Wood et al: sent closely matched job applications for almost 1,000 vacancies, apparently from 3 applicants of different ethnicity
The comparative method:
Durkheim: classic study of suicide, which relied on analysing official statistics.
