late modernity

• evolution not revolution

  • theories of late modernity argue that the rapid changes we are witnessing are not the dawn of a new, postmodern era. 
  • argue we have only developed from modernity, not entered a new era entirely
• late modernity is an extension of modernity
• giddens - reflexivity

  • argues that in high modern society, tradition and custom become much less important and no longer serve as a guide to how we should act
  • we have become more reflexive, we have to constantly monitor and reflect on our actions
  • reflexivity means that we are all continually re-evaluating our ideas and theories 
  • e.g confluent love - go into relationships for emotional and romantic needs
• beck - risk society

  • he believes that due to increased reflexivity, we face new kinds of dangers
  • past - natural risks such as drought, famine, flooding
  • present - manufactured risks such as global warming, animal extinction, deforestation
• giddens and beck - individualisation

  • we become increasingly reflexive.
  • Tradition no longer governs how we act.
  • As a result, we have to think for ourselves and reflect on the possible consequences of our choice of action.
• criticisms of late modernity

  • not all are free to re-shape their lives according to how they wish e.g the poor more susceptible to environmental risks due to poor housing but are unable to easily move
  • late modernity more common in western societies - other cultures still uphold traditional modern societies
• beck - negotiated family

  • redefining roles in the family
  • members choose the role that suits them
  • vary according to the wishes and expectations of their members, who decided what is best for them by discussion
• features of late modernity

  • individualisation
  • increased security
  • reflexivity
  • increased interconnectedness