Atomic structure

    Cards (35)

    • Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge.
    • Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
    • What does the mass number and atomic number tell us
      Mass no - the number of protons and neutrons
      atomic no - the number of protons
    • What is an isotope
      Same element but with different no of neutrons
    • What is an element
      Substance made of one type of atom
    • What is a compound
      Substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
    • What is a mixture
      Substance made up of two or more elements that can be physically separated
    • What is the relative atomic mass equation
      Ar = (mass of isotope a * abundance) + (mass of isotope b * abundance) /100
    • What did Democritus say about the atom
      Everything is made up of particles separated by empty space
    • What did dalton say about the atom
      They are small indestructible spheres with different spheres making up different elements
    • what did JJ Thompson say about the atom
      Made the plum pudding model. atom was a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck on it
    • What is Ernst Rutherford gold scattering experiment
      He shot alpha particles at a sheet of gold and three things happened:
      went straight through: proving empty space
      Went askew: shows nucleas is positive as it deflected the positive particles
      came back: shows that mass is concentrated at the centre
    • what did niels Bohr say about the atom
      Suggested electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
    • What did James Chadwick say about the atom
      There were neutral particles in the nucleus
    • PPM mass is evenly distributed whereas nuclear mass is concentrated in the centre
    • PPM positive charge is throughout the atom whereas nuclear positive charge is only a small portion of the atom
    • PPM electrons are embedded In the mass of the positive charge whereas nuclear electrons orbit the nucleus
    • PPM is a solid mass whereas the nuclear model is mostly empty space
    • what do ionic equations show us
      Which atoms are being reduced or oxidised
    • What do half equations show us

      What happens to one element
    • what is the current periodic table arranged in
      arranged in increasing atomic number
    • what does the periods tell us
      how many electron shells
    • what does the groups tell us
      the no of electrons in the outer shell
    • what was dobreiners triads
      elements with similar properties arranged in threes
    • what is newlands octaves
      every 8th element had similar properties when arranged in increasing atomic weight
    • why was mendeleevs table more successful
      switched order of elements so they fit patterns of other groups
      left gaps for undiscovered elements, predicted their properties correctly
    • properties of group 0
      inert as they have a full outer shell
      as you go down group, the boiling point increases
      all gases as boiling point lower than room temp
    • properties of metals
      form positive ions
      malleable
      high Melting point
      good conductor
    • properties of non metals
      form negative ions
      Low melting point
      brittle
      lower densities
    • Properties of group 1 metals
      dulls on oxidation
      more reactive as you go down the group
      effervesces gas when reacted with water
    • why do group 1 metals get more reactive as you go down the group
      as you go down Group 1, there are more shells
      this means there is more distance between the positive nucleus and negative electrons
      Plus, the shielding from electrons deflects the outermost electron
      this means there is less force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron
      Therefore, it is easier to lose the outermost electron
    • properties of halogens
      they form covalent bonds with each other (diatomic).
      Melting point decreases as you go down the group.
    • Why do halogens get less reactive as you move down the group
      As you go down group seven there are more shells.
      This means there's more distance positive nucleus and the negative electron.
      This means there's less force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron.
      Therefore, it is harder to gain an electron.
    • What is halogen displacement?
      More reactive halogens displace less reactive halogens in a reaction.
    • Properties of Transition metals
      Hard and strong metals.
      High M.P
      High density
      They form ions with different charges
      they form different colored compounds
      they are used as catalysts
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