Atomic structure

Created by

Haldron Tellis

Cards (35)

Protons have a positive charge, while electrons have a negative charge.
Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What does the mass number and atomic number tell us
Mass no - the number of protons and neutrons
atomic no - the number of protons
What is an isotope 
Same element but with different no of neutrons
What is an element 
Substance made of one type of atom
What is a compound 
Substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded
What is a mixture
Substance made up of two or more elements that can be physically separated
What is the relative atomic mass equation
Ar = (mass of isotope a * abundance) + (mass of isotope b * abundance) /100
What did Democritus say about the atom
Everything is made up of particles separated by empty space
What did dalton say about the atom
They are small indestructible spheres with different spheres making up different elements
what did JJ Thompson say about the atom
Made the plum pudding model. atom was a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck on it
What is Ernst Rutherford gold scattering experiment
He shot alpha particles at a sheet of gold and three things happened:
went straight through: proving empty space
Went askew: shows nucleas is positive as it deflected the positive particles
came back: shows that mass is concentrated at the centre
what did niels Bohr say about the atom
Suggested electrons orbit the nucleus in shells
What did James Chadwick say about the atom
There were neutral particles in the nucleus
PPM mass is evenly distributed whereas nuclear mass is concentrated in the centre
PPM positive charge is throughout the atom whereas nuclear positive charge is only a small portion of the atom
PPM electrons are embedded In the mass of the positive charge whereas nuclear electrons orbit the nucleus
PPM is a solid mass whereas the nuclear model is mostly empty space
what do ionic equations show us
Which atoms are being reduced or oxidised
What do half equations show us 
What happens to one element
what is the current periodic table arranged in
arranged in increasing atomic number
what does the periods tell us
how many electron shells
what does the groups tell us
the no of electrons in the outer shell
what was dobreiners triads
elements with similar properties arranged in threes
what is newlands octaves
every 8th element had similar properties when arranged in increasing atomic weight
why was mendeleevs table more successful
switched order of elements so they fit patterns of other groups
left gaps for undiscovered elements, predicted their properties correctly
properties of group 0
inert as they have a full outer shell
as you go down group, the boiling point increases
all gases as boiling point lower than room temp
properties of metals 
form positive ions
malleable
high Melting point
good conductor
properties of non metals
form negative ions
Low melting point
brittle
lower densities
Properties of group 1 metals
dulls on oxidation
more reactive as you go down the group
effervesces gas when reacted with water
why do group 1 metals get more reactive as you go down the group
as you go down Group 1, there are more shells
this means there is more distance between the positive nucleus and negative electrons
Plus, the shielding from electrons deflects the outermost electron
this means there is less force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron
Therefore, it is easier to lose the outermost electron
properties of halogens 
they form covalent bonds with each other (diatomic).
Melting point decreases as you go down the group.
Why do halogens get less reactive as you move down the group
As you go down group seven there are more shells.
This means there's more distance positive nucleus and the negative electron.
This means there's less force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron.
Therefore, it is harder to gain an electron.
What is halogen displacement?
More reactive halogens displace less reactive halogens in a reaction.
Properties of Transition metals
Hard and strong metals.
High M.P
High density
They form ions with different charges
they form different colored compounds
they are used as catalysts